众眼看宇宙

大麦哲伦星系银河系在引力的作用下牵引着两个星系围绕自己旋转,其中一个星系就是大麦哲伦星系。它距离我们16万光年,大小约为3万光年,是不规则的矮星系。由于它相当于12个月球的视直径,是肉眼就能清晰看见的云雾状天体,只可惜它壮丽的景象出现在南半球的银河附近,北半球的人们不容易看见。这幅红外光波段的大麦哲伦星系照片显     

太空移民和空间法的未来

哪里有探险家．哪里就有法学家。然而,在太空,人类法律的制定却似乎远远滞后于探索的进程,以及其在太阳系中的发展。尽管许多空间探索目标是要在地球以外的星际传播人类文明,但这其中同样存在着一个法律问题：国际法学家仍有义务为太空制定法律框架,然而这种框架却总是不能满足未来空间发展的需要。甚至连满足当前空间探索的需要都显得力不从心。尤其是涉及到人类太空移民的司法、商业和管理等问题时,这一缺陷更加明显。     

高超声速气动热辨识技术实验研究

为估计高超声速飞行中的气动热流,采用热流辨识技术研究了平板表面的气动热流。首先采用仿真数据对辨识方法进行验证,结果表明,在测量噪声较低时热流辨识结果误差较小。此后,开展了平板的高超声速气动热风洞实验,通过内埋热电偶测量平板内部温度,采用热流辨识法获得平板表面的气动热流,采用辅助测点对比验证了内埋测点辨识结果的可信度。最后将辨识结果与平板边界层热流理论估算结果进行对比,分析了两者产生误差的原因。本文的研究为热流辨识技术的实际应用奠定了基础。     

一种新的基于身份的群体签密方案

在公开的网络通信系统中安全地传送敏感消息时,有时会由于通信双方的权限过于集中而引起欺骗行为,而面向群体的签密方案能解决通信系统中个体的权限过于集中而引起的安全问题.利用基于身份的密码体制和椭圆曲线离散对数问题,提出了一种新的基于身份的群体签密方案.在方案中,任何t个或者多于t个签密组成员相互协作能够生成有效的群签密,少于t个签密组成员则不能生成有效的群签密;任何w个或者多于w个接收组成员相互协作可以验证群签密的合法性及恢复加密的消息.通过对提出的方案进行安全性分析,该方案具有认证性、保密性、数据完整性、不可否认性及不可伪造性等特性.     

Cooperative task assignment of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles using a modified genetic algorithm with multi-type genes

The task assignment problem of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs）, concerned with cooperative decision making and control, is studied in this paper. The heterogeneous vehicles have different operational capabilities and kinematic constraints, and carry limited resources （e.g., weapons） onboard. They are designated to perform multiple consecutive tasks cooperatively on multiple ground targets. The problem becomes much more complicated because of these terms of heterogeneity. In order to tackle the challenge, we modify the former genetic algorithm with multi-type genes to stochastically search a best solution. Genes of chromo- somes are different, and they are assorted into several types according to the tasks that must be performed on targets. Different types of genes are processed specifically in the improved genetic operators including initialization, crossover, and mutation. We also present a mirror representation of vehicles to deal with the limited resource constraint. Feasible chromosomes that vehicles could perform tasks using their limited resources under the assignment are created and evolved by genetic operators. The effect of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in numerical simulations. The results show that it effectively provides good feasible solutions and finds an optimal one.     

Reentry trajectory optimization for hypersonic vehicle satisfying complex constraints

The reentry trajectory optimization for hypersonic vehicle（HV）is a current problem of great interest.Some complex constraints,such as waypoints for reconnaissance and no-fly zones for threat avoidance,are inevitably involved in a global strike mission.Of the many direct methods,Gauss pseudospectral method（GPM）has been demonstrated as an effective tool to solve the trajectory optimization problem with typical constraints.However,a series of diffculties arises for complex constraints,such as the uncertainty of passage time for waypoints and the inaccuracy of approximate trajectory near no-fly zones.The research herein proposes a multi-phase technique based on the GPM to generate an optimal reentry trajectory for HV satisfying waypoint and nofly zone constraints.Three kinds of specifc breaks are introduced to divide the full trajectory into multiple phases.The continuity conditions are presented to ensure a smooth connection between each pair of phases.Numerical examples for reentry trajectory optimization in free-space flight and with complex constraints are used to demonstrate the proposed technique.Simulation results show the feasible application of multi-phase technique in reentry trajectory optimization with waypoint and no-fly zone constraints.     

从月球逃逸探测小行星的发射机会搜索

从月球逃逸探测小行星的发射机会搜索因需考虑日、地、月引力的影响而使问题变得复杂。针对该多体系统的发射机会搜索问题,提出了一种分层渐近的搜索方法。该方法首先通过分析地月系质心与小行星的几何关系,搜索从地月系质心到小行星的发射机会,进而以地月运动为研究对象,推导出了从月球轨道切向逃逸机会的判别条件,并基于此判别条件及等高线图法对逃逸机会进行了搜索。同时,为提高所得发射机会在多体模型下的轨道修正收敛性,给出了基于月心逃逸轨道参数为终端约束的日-地与日-地-月动力学模型的轨道渐近修正方法。最后,以近地小行星(3908)Nyx和(190491)2000 FJ20为例,搜索其从月球逃逸的发射机会,仿真计算表明了该方法的有效性。     

众眼看宇宙

M104的红外照将望远镜从室女座中最亮的星角宿一(室女座α)向西移动约11度,就可以找到这个美丽的深空天体M104。因星系中央隆起明亮的核以及向四周辐射散开的宇宙尘埃看起来好似一顶草帽,故得名草帽星系。它     

国航航线机型匹配问题及改进方法

近年来,我国的航空公司不论是在经营规模、航线分布及机队构成上都有了非常迅速的发展,国航、东航、南航三大航空集团以及后起之秀的海航集团,都纷纷采取了在航线上抢滩夺地、在机队种类与规模上迅速扩张的进攻性战略方针。以分公司及与地方政府合作组建的控股航空公司所在地为枢纽向周边二、三线城市进行网络状辐射。在国际市场,由于我国的航空公司在运营管     

Nucleation of β/α Phases in Undercooled Ti-48( at％ )Al Peritectic Alloy

采用电磁悬浮熔炼的深过冷凝固技术实现了Ti-48( at％) Al合金的深过冷,获得的最大过冷度为295K.采用红外测温仪记录实验过程的温度变化数据,OM技术观察不同过冷度下凝固合金的显微组织,结合深过冷凝固过程中的再辉行为分析了该合金的非平衡凝固路径.运用负熵模型、经典形核理论及瞬态形核理论,研究了Ti-48( at％)Al包晶合金中初生相与次生相的形核与过冷度之间的关系.通过对该合金熔体的β(bcc)相和α(hcp)相的临界形核功、稳态形核率、形核孕育时间和瞬态形核率的计算,并结合实验结果对β,α两相的形核进行了综合分析.结果表明,在～10K/s的较低冷速情况下,在整个过冷度(≤295K)范围内B(bcc)相总能作为初生相首先形核.