模型旋翼与全尺寸旋翼风洞试验结果的比较

本文介绍了旋翼原理样机4m模型旋翼在CARDC 8m×6m闭口风洞的试验结果与全尺寸旋翼在俄罗斯TSAGI T101开口风洞试验结果的比较.     

跨声速压气机转子的二次流旋涡结构

为了明确跨声速轴流压气机内部流场结构,数值模拟了NASA Rotor37转子,结合λ2准则分析流场参数,探索流动的规律和旋涡结构。研究发现,压气机转子的旋涡模型主要由马蹄涡、壁角涡、径向涡、脱落涡、泄漏涡、诱导涡和分离涡等7个旋涡组成。马蹄涡吸力面分支耗散,压力面分支向相邻的吸力面发展。壁角涡与脱落涡位于叶根角区,引起流动损失和角区失速。径向涡位于激波后吸力面的分离区内,它扩大吸力面分离、引起低能流体向叶顶堆积。激波与叶尖泄漏在叶顶通道中形成3涡:泄漏涡、诱导涡和分离涡,而叶栅通道出口存在分离涡和由泄漏涡与诱导涡合成的叶顶通道涡。泄漏涡与诱导涡破碎在流道中间产生的堵塞区,分离涡造成吸力面尾缘的低速区,共同触发跨声速压气机的失稳。     

变形飞行器建模及控制方法研究综述

针对变形飞行器的发展现状、气动建模、动力学建模以及控制方法研究进行了综述。首先阐述了变形飞行器的定义及变形需求,再从四个方面梳理了变形飞行器的技术优势。针对不同的机翼变形方式,对飞行器各种变形技术的特点及发展现状进行了详细的分析与总结;将变形飞行器与固定外形飞行器的气动机理进行了对比分析,并对变形飞行器的动力学建模方法进行了梳理,总结了各种方法的特点;结合变形飞行器自身特性分析了飞行控制的特点及难点,并详细阐述了各类变形飞行器的控制研究进展。最后总结分析了变形飞行器的发展趋势：深化基础理论与技术研究,从材料、结构及控制等领域全方面朝着智能化方向发展,最终实现变形飞行器的工程化、自主化、智能化应用。     

机翼边界层的横流稳定性分析和转捩预测

通过求解经典O-S方程(LST)、扩展的O-S方程(EOS)和线性抛物化稳定性方程(LPSE),对展向无限长、后掠角25°、迎角0°、来流Mach数0.8、单位Reynolds数6.79×106/m的机翼边界层进行了稳定性分析,结合eN方法进行了转捩预测。研究发现无限长后掠机翼在(x,ω)平面上的中性曲线没有下支,在(x,β)平面上的中性曲线呈反拇指的形状,横流不稳定性在机翼前缘占主导作用。当外界扰动进入边界层后,幅值将被直接放大,对于频率相同的扰动,首先是展向波数β大的增长起来,演化到一定位置开始衰减,然后是展向波数β小的逐渐增长起来,并且增长的指数N逐步超过波数大的扰动。转捩在机翼前缘完成,引起转捩的扰动波的展向波长约为2mm。     

Singular formalism and admissible control of spacecraft with rotating flexible solar array

This paper is concerned with the attitude control of a three-axis-stabilized spacecraft which consists of a central rigid body and a flexible sun-tracking solar array driven by a solar array drive assembly. Based on the linearization of the dynamics of the spacecraft and the modal identi- ties about the flexible and rigid coupling matrices, the spacecraft attitude dynamics is reduced to a formally singular system with periodically varying parameters, which is quite different from a space- craft with fixed appendages. In the framework of the singular control theory, the regularity and impulse-freeness of the singular system is analyzed and then admissible attitude controllers are designed by Lyapunov＇s method. To improve the robustness against system uncertainties, an H∞ optimal control is designed by optimizing the H∞ norm of the system transfer function matrix. Comparative numerical experiments are performed to verify the theoretical results.     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

Analysis of crack opening stresses for center- and edge-crack tension specimens

Accurate determination of crack opening stress is of central importance to fatigue crack growth analysis and life prediction based on the crack-closure model. This paper studies the crack opening behavior for center- and edge-crack tension specimens. It is found that the crack opening stress is affected by the crack tip element. By taking the crack tip element into account, a modified crack opening stress equation is given for the center-crack tension specimen. Crack surface displace- ment equations for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under remote uniform tension and partially distributed pressure are derived by using the weight function method. Based on these displacements, a crack opening stress equation for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under uniform tension has been developed. The study shows that the crack opening stress is geometry-dependent, and the weight function method provides an effective and reliable tool to deal with such geometry depen- dence.     

Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.     

基于无网格算法的化学非平衡流数值模拟

为了验证AUSMPW+格式在无网格算法的精度等以及无网格算法能否用于复杂化学非平衡流数值模拟中,首先将AUSMPW+格式推广到无网格算法中,给出了AUSMPW+在无网格算法中的具体形式。其次,将无网格算法应用于带化学反应的多组分气体Euler方程的求解,给出无网格条件下求解化学非平衡流的具体过程。最后,对NACA0012跨声速绕流场、高超声速弹丸绕流场、氢气/氧气诱导燃烧流场、球锥高超声速绕流场、楔体斜爆轰流场进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果与相关文献计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,表明了AUSMPW+格式在无网格算法中表现较高精度。同时,采用无网格算法能较好地模拟复杂化学非平衡流场,正确分辨复杂的物理现象,为化学非平衡流数值模拟提供一种新的算法,拓宽了无网格算法的应用范围。