Gamma rays from accreting matter onto collapsed objects

In the spherical accretion onto massive objects, the matter may be heated up to temperatures as high as 10¹² °K. In such a hot plasma, the thermal bremsstrahlung (e-e and e-p) and π° decay from inelastic collisions of protons are the main γ-ray sources. We determined the γ -ray production spectra from the π° decay and from bremsstrahlung for different temperatures. The expected γ-ray spectra were evaluated too in order to fit experimental data. We have fitted COS B data from 3C 273 using a two temperatures plasma model. The best fit is for

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(M₈ is the black hole mass in 10⁸ M) which gives . The hard X-ray measurements do not contradict the bremsstrahlung spectrum.     

Machinability of γ-TiAl: A review

Owing to its outstanding mechanical properties, γ-TiAl is desirable materials for crossgeneration aero-engines. Nearly 70 years of exploration have made it into the initial application.However, the intrinsic brittleness of γ-TiAl is still a critical obstacle to its large-scale applications.In this context, researchers have made many attempts to study the machinability of γ-TiAl. At present, existing relevant reviews have mostly discussed the processing methods of γ-TiAl. Hence, there is still a ...     

An identification for GEMINGA: A review of all the available data

Dedicated X-ray, optical and radio observations aimed at the identification of the bright γ-ray source 2CG195+04 (GEMINGA) are presented. A very promising candidate is found and its properties are discussed in the context of possible astrophysical scenarios.     

基于γ-Reθt转捩模型的翼型气动特性计算精度改进研究

将结合SSTk-ω湍流模型的γ-Reθt转捩模型与二维雷诺平均NS（RANS）方程数值求解相耦合,发展了考虑转捩影响的翼型气动特性计算方法。得到的计算结果与没有考虑转捩影响的计算结果的比较表明,与实验更加吻合,计算精度得到了明显提高。     

γ-ray spectroscopy in Mars orbit during solar proton events

Understanding the evolution of Mars requires determining the composition of the surface and atmosphere of the planet. The European Space Agency’s ExoMars rover mission, which is expected to launch in 2016, is part of the Aurora programme. The instruments on the rover will search for evidence of life on Mars and will map a sub-section of the Martian surface, extracting compositional information. Currently our understanding of the bulk composition (and mineralogy) of Mars relies on orbital data from instruments on-board satellites such as 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express, in addition to in-situ instrumentation on rovers such as Spirit and Opportunity. γ-ray spectroscopy can be used to determine the composition of Mars, but it has yet to be successfully carried out in-situ on Mars. This study describes some of the results obtained from the γ-ray spectrometer on 2001 Mars Odyssey during solar proton events and discusses whether the increased emissions are useful in γ-ray spectroscopy. The study shows that although increased γ-ray emissions were expected from the Martian surface during a solar proton event, they were not detected from orbit probably due to insufficient signal-to-background. However, this does not preclude the possibility of measuring changes in γ-ray flux corresponding to changes in solar activity on the surface of the planet.     

Physics of ion acceleration in the solar flare on 2005 September 7 determines γ-ray and neutron production

Relativistic neutrons were observed by the neutron monitors at Mt. Chacaltaya and Mexico City and by the solar neutron telescopes at Chacaltaya and Mt. Sierra Negra in association with an X17.0 flare on 2005 September 7. The neutron signal continued for more than 20 min with high statistical significance. Intense emissions of γ-rays were also registered by INTEGRAL, and during the decay phase by RHESSI. We analyzed these data using the solar-flare magnetic-loop transport and interaction model of Hua et al. [Hua, X.-M., Kozlovsky, B., Lingenfelter, R.E. et al. Angular and energy-dependent neutron emission from solar flare magnetic loops, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 140, 563–579, 2002], and found that the model could successfully fit the data with intermediate values of loop magnetic convergence and pitch-angle scattering parameters. These results indicate that solar neutrons were produced at the same time as the γ-ray line emission and that ions were continuously accelerated at the emission site.     

GRB host galaxies: An unbiased sample

We describe the current status and recent results from our Swift/VLT legacy survey, a VLT Large Programme aimed at characterizing the host galaxies of a homogeneously selected sub-sample of Swift   GRBs. The immediate goals are to determine the host luminosity function, study the effects of reddening, determine the fraction of Lyα$\mathrm{Ly}\mathrm{\alpha }$ emitters in the hosts, and obtain redshifts for targets without a reported one. The main effort so far has been the definition of a very carefully selected sample, obeying strict and well-defined criteria: 68 targets in total. Among the preliminary results is a large optical detection rate, the lack of extremely red objects (only one possible case in the sample) and an update of the Swift   GRB redshift distribution with 〈z〉∼2.0$〈z〉\sim 2.0$.     

REM/ROSS: a powerful tool for monitoring the prompt afterglow of γ-ray bursts

Observations of the prompt afterglow of γ-ray burst events are unanimously considered of paramount importance for GRB science and cosmology. Such observations at NIR wavelengths are even more promising allowing the monitoring of high-z Ly- absorbed bursts as well as events occurring in dusty star-forming regions. In these pages we present rapid eye mount (REM), a fully robotized fast slewing telescope equipped with a high throughput NIR (Z, J, H, K) camera dedicated to detecting the prompt IR afterglow. REM can discover objects at extremely high redshift and trigger large telescopes to observe them. The REM telescope will simultaneously feed REM optical slitless spectrograph (ROSS) via a dichroic. ROSS will intensively monitor the prompt optical continuum of GRB afterglows. The synergy between the REM-IR camera and the ROSS spectrograph makes REM a powerful observing tool for any kind of fast transient phenomena. Beside its ambitious scientific goals, REM is also technically challenging since it represent the first attempt to locate a NIR camera on a small telescope providing, with ROSS, unprecedented simultaneous wavelength coverage on a telescope of this size.     

钛铝金属间化合物基合金中的孪生与孪生交互作用

因其具有的低对称正方点阵结构,孪生在钛铝金属间化合物基合金塑性变形中的重要性愈来愈引起广泛注意,被认为对塑性、加工硬化和断裂过程有重要影响。因此,对钛铝基合金中孪生和孪生交互作用机理的研究是近几年来的一个热点。综述了该研究领域取得的一些进展和目前对孪生和孪生交互作用机理的认识水平及未来的研究方向     

涡轮叶片蠕变损伤行为及固溶处理对叶片材料性能的影响

涡轮叶片是航空发动机及地面燃气轮机的重要热端部件,研究其损伤行为对涡轮叶片的制造及修复工作均有重要的意义。本文研究了长时与短时服役涡轮叶片的蠕变损伤行为,发现二者在蠕变空洞的形成机理上大致相同,而γ′相与碳化物的退化反应则有所差异,长时服役涡轮叶片的γ′相形貌更加粗大且不规则。对于碳化物,长时服役叶片的碳化物发生了由一次MC型向二次M23C6型的分解,而短时服役叶片的碳化物发生了由MC(1)型向MC(2)型的转化。此外,针对两种不同的叶片材料(K002和GTD-111高温合金),研究了不同的固溶处理制度对γ′相溶解行为的影响,发现提高固溶温度和增加固溶保温时间可以促进两种材料γ′相的溶解行为;而随着固溶时间的增加,两种材料的溶解激活能均逐渐增大,K002合金在不同固溶保温时间中的溶解激活能均大于GTD-111合金。