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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2023,71(5):2332-2347
In this study we present an analytical formulation of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) altimetry signals including narrow banded nonlinear wave fields and conditional statistics between wave elevation displacements, horizontal wave slopes and vertical wave particle velocities. Considering the wave elevation displacements coskewness with respect to horizontal slopes leads to an analytical formulation of the electromagnetic bias within a SAR-mode altimeter stack. This formulation can be either parametrized by the significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave steepness, or in terms of the variance of vertical wave velocities. The effect of conditional vertical wave particle velocity variances with respect to the observed horizontal wave slopes close to nadir incidence angles leads to an effective reduction of the azimuth blurring of SAR-mode stacks. We present here a formulation of this effect by examining JONSWAP ocean wave spectra. In most cases this effect reduces the azimuth blurring by 10% to 30%. Additionally we investigate the effect of a nonlinear wave elevation displacement probability density function (PDF) on estimated geophysical parameters. We were able to show that including an elevation displacement skewness of 0.13 improves significantly the SWH consistency between altimetry and ECMWF Reanalysis v5 ERA5 results.All of these effects are validated with respect to ERA5 model data in the North East Atlantic region and in situ data located in the German Bight and Baltic Sea.The developed model can be used in both SAR and conventional altimetry retrackers. 相似文献
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X.B. Zhao W.Z. Shao L.B. Zhao Y. Gao Y.Y. Hu X.Z. Yuan 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(10):3072-3086
The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra. 相似文献
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要成功地发射一个深空探测器进入目标轨道,相应的运行过程基本上涉及3个阶段:近地停泊轨道运行段、转移轨道的过渡段和进入目标天体的绕飞段。它们各自的运行状态和相应的数学模型有所差别,特别是转移轨道段的运行特征与绕飞段的卫星轨道的典型特征之间的重大差别,在深空探测任务中受到广泛的重视,如平动点利用中的晕(Halo)轨道和引力加速的节能过渡等。然而,就太阳系而言,这些不同轨道之间有一共同的基本性态,那就是都可以用在牛顿万有引力定律制约下的开普勒轨道(或变化的开普勒轨道)来刻画。本文将针对上述不同运行段轨道对应的数学模型、研究方法和结果,结合我们所做的工作进行综述。 相似文献
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我国未来深空探测工程的发展对地基深空站发射机提出了更高的要求,不仅仅需要具有更高的输出功率,同时需要解决发射机高频谱纯度、高效率以及上行功率合成等。针对这些要求,对国内外地基深空网的组成和深空站高功率发射机现状以及未来发展趋势进行了研究,分析了速调管发射机与固态发射机在高功率输出条件下的优势,在此基础上,提出了我国深空站速调管发射机需要开展高功率连续波速调管、高功率低损耗滤波器、低纹波高功率开关电源、上行功率合成等关键技术,并为相应关键技术提供了理论建议及相应的解决方法,这可以为我国未来深空探测工程高功率发射机研制提供技术支撑,为后续地基深空网建设和发展提供参考。 相似文献
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探讨了惰性块式平面波发生器的相关原理,在费马原理的基础上设计了平面波发生器的物理模型,用非线性有限元方法对平面波形成过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同时刻的波形图像,数值模拟结果与实际过程在物理宏观特征上基本一致。 相似文献
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针对等离子鞘套热力学波动造成电磁波传播特性变化的问题,结合湍流理论、等离子理论和电磁波传播理论,得到了热力学参数波动与介电常数间的关系。计算了不同状态下热力学参数波动引起S和Ka波段电磁波透射和反射系数的变化。结果表明,当电子密度增大,S波段反射系数变化减小、透射系数变化增大;当Ka波段在碰撞频率10MHz时,反射系数变化增大、透射系数变化减小,在碰撞频率1GHz和50GHz时透射系数变化反射系数变化先增后减。不同高度下波动的影响也不同,S波段透射和反射系数变化随高度升高先减后增;Ka波段透射系数变化先减后增、反射系数变化先减后增而后再次减小。因此,应根据实际环境状态获得波动的包络范围,进而针对性开展测控通信系统设计。 相似文献
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