Far-UVC light as a new tool to reduce microbial burden during spacecraft assembly

This work aims to investigate far-UVC light at 222 nm as a new microbial reduction tool for planetary protection purposes which could potentially be integrated into the spacecraft assembly process. The major advantage of far-UVC (222 nm) compared to traditional germicidal UVC (254 nm) is the potential for application throughout the spacecraft assembly process in the presence of humans without adverse health effects due to the limited penetration of far-UVC light into biological materials. Testing the efficacy of 222-nm light at inactivating hardy bacterial cells and spores isolated from spacecraft and associated surfaces is a necessary step to evaluate this technology. We assessed survival of Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 and Acinetobacter radioresistens 50v1 exposed to 222-nm light on proxy spacecraft surfaces simulated by drying the bacteria on aluminum coupons. The survival fraction of both bacteria followed a single stage decay function up to 60 mJ/cm², revealing similar susceptibility of both species to 222-nm light, which was independent of the exposure rate. Irradiation with far-UVC light at 222 nm is an effective method to decontaminate the proxy spacecraft materials tested in this study.     

月食过程月表太阳辐照和温度变化模拟

月食对月球轨道探测器的温度有重要的影响,分析月食时月表的太阳辐照和温度,具有重要意义。文章给出了通用的月表温度模型和月食时月表太阳辐照模型,根据某次月食的天文参数,用太阳辐照模型可求出月表任一点在月食时的太阳直接辐照变化过程,代入温度模型可求出任一点的温度变化过程。此模型和方法可用于对任何一次月食的分析,并以2007年8月28日的月食为例,模拟了该次月食的表面太阳直接辐照和温度的变化过程。     

Principal components in the PG-X-ray QSO sample

We have performed a spectral principal component analysis for a complete sample of 22 low redshift QSOs with spectra from Ly to H, and found three significant principal components, which account for 78% of the spectrum-to-spectrum variance. We present strong arguments that the first principal component represents the Baldwin effect, relating equivalent widths to the luminosity (i.e. accretion rate). The second component represents continuum variations, probably dominated by intrinsic reddening. The third principal component is directly related to broad emission-line width and X-ray spectral index, and therefore probably driven by Eddington accretion ratio, L/L_Edd. The third set of relationships tie directly to the optical Principal Component 1 found by Boroson and Green [Boroson, T., Green, R.F., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 80, 109, 1992 (BG92)], and are the primary cause of scatter in the Baldwin relationships.     

WSO-UV project

During last three decades, astronomers have enjoyed continuous access to the 100–300 nm ultraviolet (UV) spectral range where the resonance transitions of the most abundant atoms and ions (at temperatures between 3000 and 300 000 K) reside. This UV range is not accessible from ground-based facilities. The successful International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) observatory, the Russian ASTRON mission and successor instruments such as the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) mission or the COS and STIS spectrographs on-board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) prove the major impact of observations in the UV wavelength range in modern astronomy. Future access to space-based observatories is expected to be very limited. For the next decade, the post-HST era, the World Space Observatory – Ultraviolet (WSO–UV) will be the only 2-m class UV telescope with capabilities similar to the HST. WSO–UV will be equipped with instruments for imaging and spectroscopy and it will be a facility dedicated, full-time, to UV astronomy. In this article, we briefly outline the current status of the WSO–UV mission and the science management plan.     

热控涂层电子辐照效应

研究防静电Kapton二次表面镜(ITO/Kapton/Al)、S781白漆两种典型热控涂层,在不同能量电子辐照后太阳吸收比退化情况,并利用X射线光电子能谱和扫描电子显微镜对样品表面的成分和形貌进行了分析。结果表明:相同电子注量下,不同能量电子对样品的太阳吸收比退化作用程度是有区别的。而样品光谱反射率、表面形貌、表面成分的损伤效应类似,说明不同能量电子辐照下,样品的退化机理是一致的。     

空间环境下的有机热控涂层

本文综述了国外在空间有机热控涂层领域中的研究工作和试验，着重分析了空间极端环境中紫外光辐照和原子氧侵蚀这两大因素对有机热控涂层的影响。     

DC Characteristics of Gamma-ray Irradiated SiGe HBT in Comparison with Si BJT

The changes of DC characteristics of SiGe HBT after being submitted to γ-ray irradiation of 700 krad, 7 000 krad and 10 000 krad were compared to those of Si BJT. Generally speaking, Ib and Ib–Ib0 increase with the doses increasing. For SiGe HBT, with the doses increasing, Ic and Ic–Ic0 as well as the related changes of the current gain (β) will decrease at higher Vbe, while for Si BJT, with the doses increasing, after irradiation, Ib and Ic–Ic0 increase; β and its related changes also decrease with their differences, however, tending to be very small at high doses of 7 000 krad and 10 000 krad. Moreover, given the same doses, the decreases of β are much larger than SiGe HBT, which shows that SiGe HBT’s anti-radiation performance proves to be better than Si BJT. Still, in SiGe HBT, some strange phe-nomena were observed: Ic–Ic0 will increase after the radiation of 7 000 krad in less than 0.65 V and as will β in less than 0.75 V. The mechanism of radiation-induced change in DC characteristics was also discussed.     

D/H and Nearby Interstellar Cloud Structures

Analysis of UV spectra obtained with the HST, FUSE and other satellites provides a new understanding of the deuterium abundance in the local region of the galactic disk. The wide range of gas-phase D/H measurements obtained outside of the Local Bubble can now be explained as due to different amounts of deuterium depletion on carbonaceous grains. The total D/H ratio including deuterium in the gas and dust phases is at least 23 parts per million of hydrogen, which is providing a challenge to models of galactic chemical evolution. Analysis of HST and ground-based spectra of many lines of sight to stars within the Local Bubble have identified interstellar velocity components that are consistent with more than 15 velocity vectors. We have identified the structures of 15 nearby warm interstellar clouds on the basis of these velocity vectors and common temperatures and depletions. We estimate the distances and masses of these clouds and compare their locations with cold interstellar clouds.     

电子辐照对聚乙烯热缩套管力学性能的影响

利用45 keV,1 MeV和2 MeV电子分别对聚乙烯热缩套管进行辐照实验,研究不同能量电子辐照对聚乙烯热缩套管力学性能的影响,并分析电子辐照下材料的损伤效应机理,建立力学性能退化规律。结果表明：实验选定的3种能量电子辐照都会造成聚乙烯的降解,材料脆化产生裂纹,从而导致其力学性能下降;但是由于这3种能量电子穿透深度不同,45 keV电子只能造成聚乙烯热缩套管表层材料损伤,力学性能最大下降量只有30%~40%,而1 MeV和2 MeV电子却会导致套管力学性能完全丧失,力学性能下降接近100%。