氧化钇对不锈钢焊条发红性能的影响

通过用ｄ５０法测定焊条熔滴尺寸以及用高速摄影法观察熔滴过渡形态，探讨了氧化钇（Ｙ２Ｏ３）对不锈钢焊条发红的影响。试验结果表明随着Ｙ２Ｏ３含量的增加，熔滴尺寸细化并呈喷射过渡。适量的加入Ｙ２Ｏ３将使焊条发红明显减轻并获得满意的工艺质量。     

Effects of Shot Peening Process on Thermal Cycling Lifetime of TBCs Prepared by EB-PVD

Conventional two-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) with ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3 (8YSZ) as top coat and CoCrAlY as bond coat on disk-shaped Ni based super-alloy. In this paper, three kinds of shot peening process with different lengths of operating time were adopted for bond coating. As a result, changes took place in its sur- face roughness and the surface micro-hardness. A thermal cycling test at 1 273 K×55 min and another at room temperature for 5 min were performed to study the effects of shot peening process on the thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. It is found that a moderate shot peening process will be able to prolong the life time. The oxidation dynamic of the as-processed TBCs basically accords with the para- bolic rule, and the oxidation test also attests to the spallation between YSZ and thermal growth oxide (TGO) responsible mainly for the failure of TBCs.     

Scalable Preparation of SrTiO3 Submicro-wires from Layered Titanate Nanowires

SrTiO3 submicro-wires were prepared by the reaction of layered titanate nanowires with Sr(OH)2 powder in an autoclave. The wires were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Ultra-violet visible (UV-vis), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD measurement shows that the prepared SrTiO3 submicro-wires hardly have impurity phases. The SEM and TEM images demonstrate that the scalable wires, which need to be proc- essed at the reaction temperature of 180 ℃ for about 48 hours, are not composed of single crystals. The PL shows that the wire-like SrTiO3 has emission peaks at the wavelengths of 568 and 585 nm. Further, the Raman spectroscopy reveals structural changes in the products through different reaction time.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Oxide Films of Stainless Steel in 40 kHz Sonicated Sulphate Electrolytes

This paper describes effects of 40 kHz ultrasound on the oxide films of stainless steel in sulphate electrolytes so as to determine the transmitted power and to characterize mass transfer and peak current density on the electrode surface. Emphasis was mainly laid on electrochemical oxidations and peeling mechanism of oxide films in sonicated sulphate solutions (0.5 and 1.0 mol/L). Polarization voltammetry, current response traces and SEM analysis were carried out in order to provide full information as to oxide films surface. Results shows that the rate of electrochemical oxidation, the shape of polarization curves and the surface micrographs in sonicated sul- phate electrolytes are different from those obtained without introduction of ultrasound. It is concluded that ultrasound can change the electro-chemical behavior of oxide films by its cavitaion effects, which would produce transient mechanical impulsive force and enhance electrochemical reactions.     

Nitric oxide density enhancements due to solar flares

A differential emission measure technique is used to determine flare spectra using solar observations from the soft X-ray instruments aboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics and Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment satellites. We examine the effect of the solar flare soft X-ray energy input on the nitric oxide (NO) density in the lower thermosphere. The retrieved spectrum of the 28 October 2003 X18 flare is input to a photochemical thermospheric NO model to calculate the predicted flare NO enhancements. Model results are compared to Student Nitric Oxide Explorer Ultraviolet Spectrometer observations of this flare. We present results of this comparison and show that the model and data are in agreement. In addition, the NO density enhancements due to several flares are studied. We present results that show large solar flares can deposit the same amount of 0.1–2 and 0.1–7 nm energy to the thermosphere during a relatively short time as the Sun normally deposits in one day. The NO column density nearly doubles when the daily integrated energy above 5 J m⁻² is doubled.     

N_2O单组元微推进系统贮箱自增压特性

建立了氧化亚氮(N₂O)贮箱自增压地面试验系统,针对亚牛级氧化亚氮单组元微推进系统的推进剂自增压供给过程开展了初步测试试验.基于三区域集总参数物理模型建立了氧化亚氮单组元微推进系统贮箱自增压数学模型,针对相同试验条件下的贮箱自增压过程开展了数值模拟,模拟结果与试验数据吻合较好,验证了仿真模型的准确性.仿真及试验结果均表明,为了确保推力器工作全过程中推进剂供应稳定,在亚牛级氧化亚氮单组元微推进系统的自增压过程中需要对氧化亚氮贮箱进行热量补偿来保证贮箱压力的稳定性,而贮箱压力下降速度分别随着贮箱初始充填率的减少、贮箱容积的减小及氧化亚氮质量流率的增加而增大.     

6061铝合金焊后氧化物的激光清洗机理和工艺研究

采用纳秒脉冲激光器对6061铝合金焊后氧化物进行激光清洗实验。首先分析焊斑清洗前和清洗后的表面形貌和元素组成,探明焊后氧化物组成成分。其次再利用前期实验所获得不同工艺参数对清洗质量的影响规律,设计正交实验,划定各因素区间范围,分析参数对清洗质量的影响权重。利用正交实验法分析得到：影响表面轮廓线峰谷值的参数主次顺序为激光功率>脉冲频率>扫描速度>脉冲宽度;影响氧元素质量百分比的参数主次顺序为脉冲宽度>扫描速度>激光功率>脉冲频率。通过综合平衡法最终获得优化工艺参数组：扫描速度、激光功率、脉冲频率、脉冲宽度分别为2 950 mm/s、141 W、29 kHz、330 ns。优化后可确保铝合金焊后氧化物清洗彻底、无基材损伤、清洗效率高。     

硅酸钾保护处理氧化锌填料的研究

为改善氧化锌的抗紫外辐照性能,用模数为2—3的硅酸钾对氧化锌进行包复处理,得到了软性填料PS-ZnO。其SiO_2含量大于9%,优于文献值(8%)。     

Involvement of nitric oxide in the mechanism of biochemical alterations induced by simulated microgravity in Microcystis aeruginosa

Simulated microgravity (SMG) can inhibit proliferation and enhance microcystin production of Microcystis aeruginosa. We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating the SMG induced changes of proliferation, photochemical system II photochemical activity, pigment, soluble protein and microcystin production in M. aeruginosa. M. aeruginosa was exposed to 0.1 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) or 0.02 mM 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO, NO scavenger) alone or in combination with SMG for 48 h. SMG and SNP inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa while c-PTIO had no effect on cell number. As to yield, the negative effect of SMG was augmented by SNP and suppressed by c-PTIO. The intracellular concentrations of chlorophyll a, carotenoid, phycocyanin, soluble protein and microcystin were increased by SMG after 48 h. The effects of SMG on these metabolic processes could be enhanced by SNP and be partly eliminated by c-PTIO. Moreover, SNP and c-PTIO only functioned in these biochemical processes under SMG, unlike in the regulation of cell proliferation and yield. These results showed that the effects of SMG could be enhanced by adding exogenous NO and be mitigated by scavenging endogenous NO, revealing the involvement of NO in the changes in biochemistry processes induced by SMG in M. aeruginosa.     

S781白漆电子辐照后光学性能退化的恢复与保护

为了深入认识和抑制航天器材料空间辐照损伤在地面环境中的恢复,在模拟的空间环境下对S781白漆进行了90keV电子辐照试验。研究了电子辐照后,试样分别在真空环境下、真空室注入空气后和空气中储存几小时后辐照诱发的光谱反射系数和太阳吸收比的变化。结果表明,S781白漆光学性能退化的恢复主要发生于与空气接触的数分钟内。此外,液氮环境对S781白漆的电子辐照损伤和光学性能退化具有保护作用。液氮的保护机制不仅在于它抑制了氧在材料表面的化学吸附,还在于它对辐照诱发缺陷的冻析效应。