超临界二氧化碳压缩机特性数值模拟

以某小流量超临界二氧化碳(SCO_2)离心压缩机为例,开展了近临界点SCO_2压缩机多工况数值模拟。研究发现:物性表格的分辨率对流场的计算结果影响较大,尤其是在冷凝区域,同时,物性的剧烈变化导致流场高梯度、强非线性使得近临界点SCO_2压缩机数值模拟存在极易发散的问题。通过精细调节物性表格分辨率以及库朗数等数值参数获得了多工况范围内的收敛解,与实验数据对比的结果表明:5×10~4 r/min转速下设计点进口工况最大相对误差为9.1%。设计了某5MW级热功率SCO_2布雷顿循环主压缩机并完成三维数值模拟。在保证效率基本不变的前提下,通过调整后弯角并与其他几何参数匹配,实现了压缩机压比及喘振裕度增加,并抑制了吸力面冷凝区域的发展。     

合成射流大攻角非对称涡控制的试验研究

利用合成射流对细长旋成体大攻角非对称涡控制进行了研究,基于合成射流激励器设计了一频率高达1kHz的非定常小扰动控制机构,并将其成功应用于大攻角非对称涡主动流动控制。应用天平测力和七孔探针流场测试技术,研究了合成射流非定常小扰动电压和频率对非对称涡的控制特性和规律。结果表明,采用合成射流能够完全消除背涡的非对称性,扰动频率是影响非对称涡控制的一个关键参数,高频扰动下模型背风区非对称涡结构趋于无控制流态。且文中结果发现,当攻角α=57.5°、非定常小扰动频率fs=150Hz时,即可将非对称涡完全控制成为对称涡。     

Aerodynamic characteristics of morphing wing with flexible leading-edge

The morphing wing can improve the flight performance during different phases. However, research has been subject to limitations in aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing with a flexible leading-edge. The computational fluid dynamic method and dynamic mesh were used to simulate the continuous morphing of the flexible leading-edge. After comparing the steady aerodynamic characteristics of morphing and conventional wings, this study examined the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of morphing wings with upward and downward deflections of the leading-edge at different frequencies. The numerical results show that for the steady aerodynamic, the leading-edge deflection mainly affects the stall characteristic. The downward deflection of the leading-edge increases the stall angle of attack and nose-down pitching moment. The results are opposite for the upward deflection. For the unsteady aerodynamic, at a small angle of attack, the transient lift coefficient of the upward deflection, growing with the increase of deflection frequency, is larger than that of the static case. The transient lift coefficient of the downward deflection, decreasing with the increase of deflection frequency, is smaller than that of the static case. However, at a large angle of attack, an opposite effect of deflection frequency on the transient lift coefficient was demonstrated. The transient lift coefficient is larger than that of the static case when the leading edge is in the nose-up stage, and lower than that of the static one in the nose-down stage.     

某型飞机高亚声速大迎角横向静稳定性改善研究

根据某型飞机存在的高亚声速大迎角横向静不稳定性问题,分析了出现该问题的原因,提出了解决问题的方法与措施,最后通过风洞试验验证,以较小的代价成功地解决了飞机的高亚声速大迎角横向静不稳定性问题,保证了飞机在正常使用范围内的飞行安全。     

连续下降运行中的飞行冲突预测与解脱算法

针对连续下降运行（Continuous descent operation,CDO）中的航空器冲突预测与解脱策略问题,构建了四维航迹（Four-dimensional trajectory,4DT）预测模型,实现飞行冲突的准确预测;以燃油消耗量、冲突时长为优化目标,以航空器在连续下降运行时的飞机速度、下降轨迹角（Descent path angle,DPA）为优化变量,基于多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ实现飞行冲突解脱。最后以某终端区内多机CDO飞行为例进行冲突预测和解脱,分析了优化目标权重系数对空域内平均耗油量和优化变量影响。结果表明,给出的解脱算法可以实现终端空域内的多机无冲突连续下降运行。与优化前相比,20架飞机的平均耗油节约了11 kg/架,空域内飞机之间的飞行冲突累积时间从984 s减少到0,即消除了飞行冲突。研究结果有助于实现空域内多机无冲突连续下降运行,提高CDO在繁忙机场的实施率和运行效果。     

时延-角度特性研究

本文在球不对称局域准抛物电离层模型下,设计了一套射线追踪算法的计算机程序。研究了时延随角度变化特性。指出了最小时延的传统求解方法的适应范围,讨论了时延-角度特性曲线与返回散射电离图的关系及其能量分布特点。      

8m×6m风洞特大迎角试验设备研制

8m×6m风洞特大迎角试验设备是该风洞最新配套的多用途支撑系统,其主要用途包括3个方面:(1)支撑战斗机模型完成特大迎角状态测力、测压试验任务,迎角连续变化范围0°~120°,侧滑角变化范围达±30°;(2)支撑大尺度模型(最大翼展达6m)完成常规测力、测压、地效试验任务,此时迎角连续变化范围-10°~30°,在特定条件下,迎角可扩展到70°以上;(3)支撑特殊模型进行特种试验,包括细长体模型、车辆模型、螺旋桨模型、动力模拟试验模型等.该设备主要特点有:模型支撑方式多样,可满足常规和大量特种模型支撑和姿态变化需要;系统刚性强,模型支撑牢固,变形小;机构运行灵活,模型姿态变化定位精确.     

空间实验室的精度测量新方法

空间实验室地面总装需要精确地测量GNC设备及有效载荷等仪器之间的相对角度关系,由于空间实验室尺寸大,仪器分布距离远,且部分仪器安装在内部,其精度测量难以实施。文章针对空间实验室的特点提出了一种使用陀螺经纬仪取代普通经纬仪的测量方法,该方法以大地坐标系为公共坐标系,不需要经纬仪之间远距离互瞄和坐标传递,能够有效地实现远距离测量和舱内舱外仪器的相对测量。文中阐述了新方法的数学原理,分析了测量精度,并与普通经纬仪建站测量进行了比较,认为陀螺经纬仪测量方法具有精度高使用灵活的优点。     

宽角扫描相控阵天线有源阻抗的计算

在进行相控阵天线设计时,需要辐射单元间互耦进行分析与计算,采用小阵试验的方法来进行相控阵天线有源阻抗匹配比较耗时、费力。文章介绍了一种比较实用的相控阵天线有源阻抗匹配计算方法,并利用HFSS软件给出了两个仿真计算实例和试验验证结果,具有重要的参考价值。     

Spray characteristics of jet–swirl nozzles for thrust chamber injector

Thrust chamber injector is very critical component since that small differences in its design can result in dramatically different performance. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of a mono-propellant jet–swirl nozzle for thrust chamber using the existing commercial nozzle made of brass with little modification. The performance of two types of spray pattern, i.e. hollow cone and solid cone were investigated under cold flow test. Two solid cone injectors were studied at various purely axial orifice diameter with all other parameters remaining constant. This investigation reveals that decrease in the breakup length increased the spray angle. Higher injection pressure leads to shorter breakup length and higher value of discharge coefficient, except for hollow cone nozzle which shows mild fluctuating trend. Experimental data also tells that solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio 0.14 has the highest average discharge coefficient (0.60), followed by hollow cone nozzle (0.25). Solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio of 0.1 has an average discharge coefficient of 0.21.