基于最小跳数的无线传感器网络跨层设计

传统的严格分层参考模型无法实现对无线传感器网络资源的有效管理和运用,跨层设计是提高网络整体性能的一种有效方法。针对无线传感器网络能量、计算资源、存储资源和带宽资源有限的特点,提出一种基于最小跳数的路由层和MAC层的跨层协议设计方案。MAC层和路由层通过共享sensor节点到sink节点的最小跳数信息,在MAC层建立时间梯度,解决多个节点共享无线信道的问题;并在路由层建立路由表,解决路由选择问题。仿真结果表明,该方案在降低网络能耗的同时,在降低传输延迟,提高数据投递率方面也取得了良好的性能。     

无线传感网的分布式非测距三维定位算法

为解决三维空间无线传感器网络节点定位问题,基于区域立体网格化表示的思想,提出一种分布式非测距三维定位算法3D-DRL(three-Dimensional Distributed Range-free Localization).通过对立体网格投票,选取得票值最高的所有网格的质心作为未知节点的估计位置.3D-DRL无需未知节点间相互通信,具有较小的通信开销,不依赖于锚节点比例,且对网络拓扑结构具有鲁棒性.仿真结果表明,在无线传播环境理想、未知节点通信半径R=50 m、所有节点均随机部署在100 m×100 m×100 m三维区域的情况下,定位误差小于未知节点通信半径的8%,且通过调整VANR,能够实现所有节点的定位.     

无线传感器网络中的跨层路由协议

为了减少无线传感器网络中的干扰产生,降低由此引起多次重传后的分组丢弃从而导致的额外重传时延和能量消耗,改善网络的传输效率和能量效率,提出了一种基于跨层设计的干扰感知路由(IAR,Interference-Aware Routing)协议.与现有的基于竞争的路由协议不同,IAR协议引入节点干扰度和能量度作为选路代价,通过干扰和能量感知的路由选择机制实现路由建立.利用节点收到的发送请求、清除发送和应答分组的计数作为干扰度的计算依据,从而在路由选择中避开了干扰易发生区域;利用下一跳候选节点的初始和剩余能量作为能量度的计算依据,从而均衡了各节点的能量消耗,延长了整个网络的寿命.仿真结果表明,与动态码字路由和ad-hoc按需距离矢量路由协议相比,IAR协议提高了能量效率、改善了网络的吞吐量、分组投递率和时延等性能.     

一种新型宽频带单脉冲天馈系统

提出了一种新近研制成功的结构紧凑的S~C波段新型的宽频带单脉冲天馈系统.其关键部件包括天线单元、宽频带魔T及宽频带功分器.通过对渐变槽线天线单元的分析和计算、天线阵列的分布及阵因子的计算、微带-槽线双重接头及其构成的魔T的研究,而获得了高增益的宽频带单脉冲天馈系统.天馈系统的实测结果与理论设计相吻合.      

High Hardware Utilization and Low Memory Block Requirement Decoding of QC-LDPC Codes

This paper presents a simple yet effective decoding for general quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes, which not only achieves high hardware utility efficiency (HUE), but also brings about great memory block reduction without any performance degradation. The main idea is to split the check matrix into several row blocks, then to perform the improved message passing computations sequentially block by block. As the decoding algorithm improves, the sequential tie between the two-phase computations is broken, so that the two-phase computations can be overlapped which bring in high HUE. Two overlapping schemes are also presented, each of which suits a different situation. In addition, an efficient memory arrangement scheme is proposed to reduce the great memory block requirement of the LDPC decoder. As an example, for the 0.4 rate LDPC code selected from Chinese Digital TV Terrestrial Broadcasting (DTTB), our decoding saves over 80% memory blocks compared with the conventional decoding, and the decoder achieves 0.97 HUE. Finally, the 0.4 rate LDPC decoder is implemented on an FPGA device EP2S30 (speed grade -5). Using 8 row processing units, the decoder can achieve a maximum net throughput of 28.5 Mbps at 20 iterations.     

可容忍信标误差的三维传感网节点定位方法

针对信标位置存在误差情况下的三维无线传感器网络节点定位问题,提出一种基于正交回归的多跳定位方法.同时考虑到自变量误差和因变量偏差对节点坐标估计的影响,基于约束加权正交回归参数估计准则,建立可容忍信标位置误差的三维多跳定位模型,解决了信标位置和距离估计两方面的误差并存时的节点自定位问题,并给出求解节点坐标最优值的数值方法;推导出相应的坐标估计精度评估标准3D-MCRB (3D Multi-hop Cramér-Rao Bound).仿真结果表明:此方法对信标位置误差和距离估计误差都具有较好的抑制能力,在大多数实验条件下,能将定位精度提高10%以上.     

基于ZigBee的无线网络在航天领域的应用

文章概要介绍基于ZigBee的无线网络的研究现状,结合其应用优势,通过仿真分析指出:在航天器应用环境下,当网络工作在信标使能模式时,若网络中存在多个节点或者网络负载很大,则会造成大量的碰撞和重传,使得网络的吞吐量急剧下降;而当网络工作在非信标使能模式时,不会造成大量的碰撞和重传,网络性能优于信标使能模式。文章还对基于ZigBee的无线网络在多址接入和组网、共存和互联互通、应急通信和机动配置方面的航天应用研究前景进行了展望。     

轴流风扇宽频噪声声功率实验研究

航空发动机降噪研究迫切需要一种叶轮机械管道内宽频噪声测量方法来指导降噪设计。为了研究管道内宽频噪声,利用沿管道内壁面布置的环形麦克风阵列对单级轴流风扇进行了噪声测量,通过测量信号与参考信号互相关以及奇异值分解(SVD)方法成功地得到管道内宽频噪声结果。结果表明:该方法不仅可以计算出管道内主要单音,而且可以计算宽广频率范围内的宽频噪声;并能有效分辨出管道内向前和向后传播的声功率。宽频噪声结果证实该方法可以应用到高背景噪声和硬壁反射下的管道内声场研究。     

Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Network Node Design for Multi-point Bolt Loosening Detection

Bolted connections are commonly used in aerospace structures.Once the bolts on the aircraft are damaged or loose,the consequence will be disastrous.Therefore,monitoring bolt loosening is especially required.However,periodic manual inspection costs much money and time.And it is very difficult to achieve multi-point monitoring for many bolted structures in an aircraft.Therefore,a low-cost,reliable detection method based on wireless sensor networks is presented.The reed switch is selected as a sensor for bolt loosening monitor.The chip PT2262 and PT2272are chosen as hardware codec chip for multi-point placement.A wireless transmitter and receiver circuit is designed on 315 MHz frequency.The codec chip and the wireless transmission are triggered by the reed switches.Bolt loosening is detected by the receiving terminal and indicated by light and sound alarms.The wireless transmitter and the receiver circuit are tested and the monitoring system is verified by experiments.The results show that bolt loosening can be effectively detected within 300 m.The developed sensor network is expected to solve multi-point bolt detection problems and provide a low-cost and reliable monitoring technology.     

ZigBee无线网络星载应用可行性研究

针对当前卫星上存在电缆多、电气连接复杂等问题,文章提出用ZigBee无线网络代替传统星载总线的设计构想。结合空间应用的特点,对ZigBee星载应用的优势进行了分析,并提出了相应的可行性设计建议,包括ZigBee星载应用的系统组成、网络拓扑、帧结构以及网络节点的实现方案,研究结果可以为未来卫星和空间站电子系统的设计提供参考。