飞行器翼面颤振模型设计可行性分析

颤振模型设计是动力学反问题 ,其数学实质即广义特征值问题的反演。从反演可解性的基本理论出发 ,以某型号飞机高、低速颤振模型结构设计为背景 ,提出了模型结构设计必须遵循的准则。为减少模型结构设计的盲目性 ,提供了一个实用而有效的工具 ,并以具体的数值例子 ,说明了这个设计准则的实际应用。     

Transonic wing stall of a blended flying wing common research model based on DDES method

Numerical simulation of wing stall of a blended flying wing configuration at transonic speed was conducted using both delayed detached eddy simulation(DDES) and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS) equations methods based on the shear stress transport(SST) turbulence model for a free-stream Mach number 0.9 and a Reynolds number 9.6 × 10~6. A joint time step/grid density study is performed based on power spectrum density(PSD) analysis of the frequency content of forces or moments, and medium mesh and the normalized time scale0.010 were suggested for this simulation. The simulation results show that the DDES methods perform more precisely than the URANS method and the aerodynamic coefficient results from DDES method compare very well with the experiment data. The angle of attack of nonlinear vortex lift and abrupt wing stall of DDES results compare well with the experimental data. The flow structure of the DDES computation shows that the wing stall is caused mainly by the leeward vortex breakdown which occurred at x/x_(cr)= 0.6 at angle of attack of 14°. The DDES methods show advantage in the simulation problem with separation flow. The computed result shows that a shock/vortex interaction is responsible for the wing stall caused by the vortex breakdown. The balance of the vortex strength and axial flow, and the shock strength, is examined to provide an explanation of the sensitivity of the breakdown location. Wing body thickness has a great influence on shock and shock/vortex interactions, which can make a significant difference to the vortex breakdown behavior and stall characteristic of the blended flying wing configuration.     

Dynamic characteristics analysis and flight control design for oblique wing aircraft

The movement characteristics and control response of oblique wing aircraft (OWA) are highly coupled between the longitudinal and lateral-directional axes and present obvious nonlinear-ity. Only with the implementation of flight control systems can flying qualities be satisfied. This arti-cle investigates the dynamic modeling of an OWA and analyzes its dynamic characteristics. Furthermore, a flight control law based on model-reference dynamic inversion is designed and ver-ified. Calculations and simulations show that OWA can be trimmed by rolling a bank angle and deflecting the triaxial control surfaces in a coordinated way. The oblique wing greatly affects lon-gitudinal motion. The short-period mode is highly coupled between longitudinal and lateral motion, and the bank angle also occurs in phugoid mode. However, the effects of an oblique wing on lateral mode shape are relatively small. For inherent control characteristics, symmetric deflection of the horizontal tail will generate not only longitudinal motion but also a large rolling rate. Rolling moment and pitching moment caused by aileron deflection will reinforce motion coupling, but rud-der deflection has relatively little effect on longitudinal motion. Closed-loop simulations demon-strate that the flight control law can achieve decoupling control for OWA and guarantee a satisfactory dynamic performance.     

小型折叠翼多用途无人机折叠方案及其展开机构设计

随着现代战争模式的发展,小型折叠翼多用途无人机成为研究热点。在对折叠翼气动布局方案进行分析的基础上提出了一种Z字型气动布局的折叠方案,并且设计了一种可以自锁的滑块摆杆机构作为展开机构,得到了一种折叠翼多用途无人机机械系统结构。对采用Z字型气动布局的折叠翼无人机模型进行了多次试飞,发现该模型具有良好的便携性,展开机构运行可靠,Z字型气动布局飞行平稳、操控性好。     

ARI_OPT气动优化软件研究进展及应用综述

针对飞行器气动外形精细化设计需求,为提高设计效率和设计质量,基于数值优化设计技术发展了气动优化设计工具ARI_OPT。ARI_OPT包含气动外形参数化、网格自动变形、高逼真度数值模拟、代理模型、高效优化算法等模块,分别简要介绍了各个模块基本的基本原理和方法及单个模块的验证结果。给出了ARI_OPT针对数值函数算例的功能验证结果和宽速域翼型、多段翼型和飞翼布局机翼等典型单目标和多目标气动外形优化问题的应用算例,表明了其可靠性和适用性。     

特定涡旋流畸变对跨声速压气机性能的影响

为研究S弯进气道出口和翼身融合体(HWB)飞机发动机进口两种特定涡旋流对压气机气动性能和稳定性的影响,将设计的新型叶片式旋流畸变发生器与跨声速压气机Stage 67进行联合数值仿真,获得进口旋流条件下的压气机特性线和流场分布,并与转子进口为均匀来流时进行对比分析。结果表明:在100%换算转速,S弯进气道产生的旋流使得压气机压比和效率在近峰值效率点分别下降0.06%、0.85%,稳定工作流量范围减小5.97%,压气机稳定裕度降低1.13%,压比和效率特性线均向左下方移动。HWB飞机产生的旋流使得压气机在近峰值效率点的压比增大6.61%,效率下降6.25%,稳定工作流量范围减小26.88%,压气机稳定裕度降低2.84%,压比特性线向右上方移动,效率特性线向右下方移动。     

Efficient aerodynamic shape optimization using variable-fidelity surrogate models and multilevel computational grids

A variable-fidelity method can remarkably improve the efficiency of a design optimization based on a high-fidelity and expensive numerical simulation, with assistance of lower-fidelity and cheaper simulation(s). However, most existing works only incorporate “two” levels of fidelity, and thus efficiency improvement is very limited. In order to reduce the number of high-fidelity simulations as many as possible, there is a strong need to extend it to three or more fidelities. This article proposes a novel variable-fidelity optimization approach with application to aerodynamic design. Its key ingredient is the theory and algorithm of a Multi-level Hierarchical Kriging (MHK), which is referred to as a surrogate model that can incorporate simulation data with arbitrary levels of fidelity. The high-fidelity model is defined as a CFD simulation using a fine grid and the lower-fidelity models are defined as the same CFD model but with coarser grids, which are determined through a grid convergence study. First, sampling shapes are selected for each level of fidelity via technique of Design of Experiments (DoE). Then, CFD simulations are conducted and the output data of varying fidelity is used to build initial MHK models for objective (e.g. C_D) and constraint (e.g. C_L, C_m) functions. Next, new samples are selected through infill-sampling criteria and the surrogate models are repetitively updated until a global optimum is found. The proposed method is validated by analytical test cases and applied to aerodynamic shape optimization of a NACA0012 airfoil and an ONERA M6 wing in transonic flows. The results confirm that the proposed method can significantly improve the optimization efficiency and apparently outperforms the existing single-fidelity or two-level-fidelity method.     

飞翼布局飞机阵风减缓主动控制风洞试验

飞翼布局飞机具有优越的隐身和气动特性,但由于布局原因无法配置常规控制面,因此常规布局飞机的阵风减缓控制方法不再适用。针对大展弦比飞翼布局飞机,设计了风洞模型、具有沉浮和俯仰2个方向自由度的支持系统以及能够产生连续正弦阵风的阵风发生器,采用经典控制律理论设计了能够同时减缓翼尖过载和翼根弯矩的3组控制方案,开展了阵风减缓主动控制风洞试验,对开、闭环试验数据进行了分析。试验数据表明,和正常式布局飞机不同,阵风引起的飞翼布局飞机的翼尖过载和翼根弯矩在俯仰模态对应的频率处有一个很大的峰值,而在一弯频率附近峰值比较小;对于不同控制面组合,阵风减缓效果不一样;对于飞翼布局飞机,选用合适的控制面组合可以有效减缓阵风载荷和阵风响应。     

飞翼布局飞机侧风起降特性

飞翼布局飞机的动态特性与常规飞机相差较大,在侧风起降过程中呈现出新的运动特性。对侧风起降过程中飞翼布局飞机的配平特性与响应特性进行了计算与分析,掌握了其区别于常规飞机的特点,侧风对飞翼布局飞机起降安全影响最严重为侧翻效应;结合新型操纵舵面的操纵特性与使用特性,对飞翼布局飞机起降阶段的效能需求开展了分析;通过对常用的侧风操纵策略进行了仿真计算与对比分析,提出了适用于飞翼布局飞机的侧风起降操纵策略。     

飞翼式客机机翼气动/结构综合优化方法研究

针对目前在飞翼客机机翼优化过程中对气动弹性效应考虑不充分、气动/结构耦合不充分的问题,分别对飞翼客机机翼的CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics,简称CFD）气动模型、平板气动模型和三维板杆模型进行参数化建模,开展了针对飞翼布局客机机翼的气动/结构综合优化设计的研究,搭建了一套基于Kriging模型的前瞻性设计方法,获得了机翼最优的气动外形和结构构型,在有效降低机翼结构重量的同时,显著地减少了气动阻力。在满足精度及效率的前提下,气动子学科选用亚声速偶极子格网法以及基于Euler方程的CFD方法,结构子学科选用有限元分析方法,优化算法采用遗传算法。