空中声源水下声场的简正波建模方法

空水界面声信号传播特性是水下检测空中声源首先要研究的问题,文中讨论了空中声源在水下产生声场的简正波模型,仿真分析了空中声源的水下声场,比较了简正波方法与射线方法、快速场方法对空中声源在水下产生的声场传播损失。结论表明简正波方法适用于远场传播损失。     

Equatorial F-region vertical ion drifts during quiet solar maximum

Median values of ionosonde h′F data acquired at Ibadan (Geographic:7.4°N, 3.9°E, Magnetic: dip 6°S, and magnetic declination, 3°W), Nigeria, West Africa, have been used to determine vertical ion drift (electric field) characteristics in the postsunset ionosphere in the African region during a time of high solar activity (average F_10.7 −208). The database spans from January and December 1958 during the era of International Geophysical Year (IGY) for geomagnetic quiet conditions. Bimonthly averaged diurnal variations patterns are very similar, but differ significantly in magnitude and in the evening reversal times. Also, monthly variations of F-region vertical ion drift reversal times inferred from the time of h′F maximum indicates early reversal during equinoxes and December solstice months except for the month of April. Late reversal is observed during the June solstice months. The equatorial evening prereversal enhancement in vertical ion drift (V_zp) occurs largely near 1900 LT with typical values 20–45 m/s. Comparison of Ibadan ionosonde V_zp with the values of prereversal peak velocity reported for Jicamarca (South America), Kodaikanal (India), and Scherliess and Fejer global model show considerable disparity. The changes of postsunset peak in virtual height of F-layer (h′F_P) with prereversal velocity peak V_zp are anti-correlated. Investigation of solar effects on monthly values of V_zp and h′F_P revealed that these parameters are independent of monthly averaged solar flux intensity during quiet-time sunspot maximum conditions.     

跨声速风洞全模颤振试验悬浮支撑系统

介绍了用于CARDC的2．4m跨声速风洞全模颤振试验的悬浮支撑系统的组成、试验装置的结构及其特点、控制算法等。给出了风洞调试试验结果,并进行了简要讨论。试验结果表明,研制的悬浮支撑系统具有强度高,对模型的浮沉和滚转控制能力强等特点。     

菜园坝长江大桥主拱节段风洞试验及分析

中承式拱桥属于柔性空间结构,主拱上承受的脉动风荷载相互干扰。以重庆菜园坝长江大桥为研究对象,进行了湍流下的主拱单拱及双拱节段模型风洞试验。对模型表面脉动压力的功率谱、相关系数、水平和竖向相干函数进行了细致分析,讨论了双拱间距宽度比对脉动压力频域特性的影响。当间距宽度比大于5时,后拱风荷载受到前拱的干扰作用。当两拱间距宽度比小于5时,前后拱风荷载特性类似于组合截面。随间距宽度比变小,主拱涡脱落折算频率和压力功率谱逐渐增大,前后拱迎风面和背风面的相关系数及相干系数均逐步降低。     

直连式脉冲燃烧风洞起动过程研究

直连式脉冲燃烧风洞的起动过程是一个非常复杂的瞬态过程,采用光电测量系统和数值方法对其进行探索性研究。试验中,光电探测系统在非常短的传输距离上测出了高速起动激波的速度。通过与试验结果对比,验证了所采用的数值方法的可行性。研究表明：起动激波往下游的运动过程具有一定的规律性;由于内型面的变化导致起动激波速度在起动过程中发生变化。     

NASA-HDBK-7005《动力学环境准则》分析

文章从标准化的角度讨论了动力学环境试验技术,分析了以MIL-STD-810为代表的各类产品通用的环境标准和以NASA-HDBK-7005为代表的航天系统动力学环境标准所形成的两个环境标准体系的特点,讨论了NASA-HDBK-7005的标准内容,提出了我国航天动力学环境标准化工作的建议和意见。     

基于标定场的激光雷达两步标定方法

针对激光雷达大测量范围高精度测角测距问题,提出一种基于标定场的激光雷达两步标定方法.该方法在分析激光雷达测角误差和测距误差的基础上,提出激光雷达误差修正模型.该模型将距离修正从标定模型中分离,首先利用靶标场完成全视场的角度标定,并确定其外部参数,再利用基线场实现距离标定.以降低距离标定参数与角度标定参数之间的耦合性,保证激光雷达角度和距离标定的精度和准确度.实验结果表明方法合理有效,能够实现激光雷达的高精度标定.     

大跨悬挑屋盖风压分布风洞试验分析

通过大跨悬挑曲面屋盖刚性模型风洞试验,分析各风向角风压系数均值等值线图及跨中区域时体型系数以确定最不利风向角,研究跨中迎风边缘及顺风测点功率谱及相干特性,最后针对跨中不同位置测点风压概率分布密度特性探讨峰值因子合理取值。     

多控制面机翼阵风减缓主动控制与风洞试验验证

针对某大展弦比多控制面弹性机翼风洞模型,分别从频域和时域进行阵风响应分析和阵风响应减缓控制律设计.采用经典控制理论设计控制律,通过操纵位于0.6和0.8翼展处的内外侧控制面减小由正弦阵风引起的翼尖加速度(WTA).低频段的阵风减缓的数值分析与风洞试验结果均表明:多控制面的阵风减缓效果优于单控制面.当来流速度为14 m/s时,针对频率为2～5 Hz的阵风,采用多控制面得到的WTA减小10%～24%;当来流速度在8～16 m/s时,针对频率为2 Hz的正弦阵风,闭环状态下的翼尖加速度减小10%～40%;结构有限元模型与真实模型存在工程允许的误差导致理论与试验结果存在一定的误差.本文的工作对工程实际中采用阵风减缓技术具有参考价值.     

Driving major solar flares and eruptions: A review

This review focuses on the processes that energize and trigger M- and X-class solar flares and associated flux-rope destabilizations. Numerical modeling of specific solar regions is hampered by uncertain coronal-field reconstructions and by poorly understood magnetic reconnection; these limitations result in uncertain estimates of field topology, energy, and helicity. The primary advances in understanding field destabilizations therefore come from the combination of generic numerical experiments with interpretation of sets of observations. These suggest a critical role for the emergence of twisted flux ropes into pre-existing strong field for many, if not all, of the active regions that produce M- or X-class flares. The flux and internal twist of the emerging ropes appear to play as important a role in determining whether an eruption will develop predominantly as flare, confined eruption, or CME, as do the properties of the embedding field. Based on reviewed literature, I outline a scenario for major flares and eruptions that combines flux-rope emergence, mass draining, near-surface reconnection, and the interaction with the surrounding field. Whether deterministic forecasting is in principle possible remains to be seen: to date no reliable such forecasts can be made. Large-sample studies based on long-duration, comprehensive observations of active regions from their emergence through their flaring phase are needed to help us better understand these complex phenomena.