高速气流吹袭问题

在高速弹射时,防护气流吹袭对人体产生的损伤目前仍未有令人满意的方法。本文阐述了高速气流吹袭对人体的致伤机理并提供了头及四肢的防护约束方程组。     

气膜孔内局部堵塞对气膜冷却特性的影响

在吹风比为0.3~1.5,堵塞比为0.1~0.5范围内,对平板上单排倾斜气膜孔内局部堵塞所引起的冷气射流流动和冷却特性变化进行了数值研究,分析了堵塞比、堵塞位置和吹风比对绝热气膜冷却效率的影响.在研究参数范围内的研究结果表明:气膜孔出口端前缘的局部堵塞有利于抑制肾形涡,对气膜孔下游的绝热气膜冷却效率有改善作用,并且随着堵塞比和吹风比的增加,对冷却效果的改善越为明显.而在气膜孔出口端尾缘或侧边的堵塞则在较大的堵塞比下削弱气膜冷却效果.相对于气膜孔出气端的局部堵塞,在气膜孔进气端和中部的堵塞对绝热气膜冷却效率的影响要微弱得多.     

基于CFD高精度算法的雷电电磁场研究

雷电空间电磁场一直是电磁领域研究的热门,成熟的算法例如有限时域差分法（FDTD）,传输线矩阵法（TLM）以及频域的矩量法（MoM）在计算雷电问题方面都有广泛的应用。由于计算流体力学（CFD）中的Euler方程与电磁学中的Maxwell方程有着相同的守恒形式,而且采用间断伽辽金方法（DG）已经在流场问题上得到广泛的尝试,因此引入了基于计算流体力学的DG方法来离散时域Maxwell方程,并采用网格分区并行技术加速计算,使用基于DG的圆球雷达散射截面积（RCS）算例进行测试,数值结果一致表明DG算法在求解电磁场问题上的可行性,之后通过计算一段近场雷电通道的电场分布并与解析解、某算法仿真解对比,数据基本吻合,说明该方法适合于雷电电磁场的计算。     

正规基上的快速乘逆算法

根据有限域GF(2~m)上的正规基表示,本文提出一种新的快速乘逆算法。该算法把计算乘逆的复杂忭从O(m)降低到O(1/m)。     

基于低频磁信标的全天时自主定位方法

由于以GPS、北斗为代表的GNSS信号容易受到天气和位置的影响,单纯使用GNSS在某些条件下会有较大的定位误差,甚至无法提供定位服务。针对这种情况研究了基于低频磁信标的自主定位方法,分析了电磁学中的毕奥-萨伐尔定律等原理,建立了基于低频磁信标定位的系统模型,给出了分离式双信标定位方法。通过实验分析了信标安装的误差特性,最后通过仿真和实际实验验证了该定位方法的有效性,对于室内机器人导航、地下生物探索、水下跟踪定位等单独采用GNSS定位影响较大的场景下的自主定位与导航具有重要的工程应用价值。     

利用均匀抽吸地板进行高速列车模型地板边界层影响的试验研究

在KD－03低速风洞中研制了一种边界层可人为控制的均匀抽吸地板。研究了在各种来流速度下均匀抽吸地板上边界层与抽吸系数的关系。在该地板上对高速列车模型气动力与地板边界层的关系进行了实验研究。对实验的几种模型状态，边界层吸除使列车模型所受阻力、负向升力和低头力矩均有明显增加，其增量与模型底部形状有关；在有侧滑角时，边界层吸除对模型气动力的六个分量均有影响。在没有边界层控制的固定地板上进行高速列车模型风洞实验，会使实验结果固边界层的影响而产生较大偏差。利用均匀抽吸地板可有效地消除边界层的影响，从而较准确地模拟地面效应的影响，提高高速列车模型风洞实验气动载荷的实验精度。而且，它的实验结果可为没有地板边界层控制装置的风洞中同类模型实验的边界层修正提供参考依据。     

倾转旋翼机旋翼/机翼气动干扰的试验研究

在模型旋翼台和风洞中,针对倾转旋翼机旋翼/机翼的两个主要干扰状态(悬停和低速前飞)进行了试验,分别测量了悬停状态不同机翼安装角和旋翼总距角、前飞状态不同机翼安装角和吹风速度等试验条件下的倾转旋翼拉力、扭矩以及机翼上下表面压力分布,并对试验结果进行了分析,得出了一些有意义的结论,为进一步研究倾转旋翼机旋翼/机翼气动干扰的特性问题做了些探索性的工作.     

The Kumtag meteorite strewn field

The Kumtag meteorite strewn field was found in the Kumtag desert, 132 km south of Hami city in the Xinjiang province, China. It is an ellipse of 2.5 × 7.9 km, with a long axis extending along the northeast-southwest direction. The largest individual meteorite of the strewn field weighs about 10 kg; the smallest individual has a mass of only 27 g. In total, more than 100 individuals with a total mass of more than 180 kg were collected. The location and the distribution of the fragments suggest that the Kumtag meteoroid entered the atmosphere in the direction Northeast-Southwest. All meteorites collected in this strewn field are samples from the same unique meteorite shower. The Kumtag meteorite is an H5 ordinary chondrite with a shock stage S2, and a weathering grade W2. The cosmic ray exposure age of Kumtag is 6.7 ± 0.8 Ma, which is rather typical for H chondrites and which indicates that Kumtag was derived from the massive impact event on its parent body ~7 Ma ago. A significant amount of He has been lost during certain unknown processe(s) before the Kumtag meteorite was ejected from its parent body.     

弹舱对飞翼布局飞机气动特性影响及其控制

以高速风洞气动力测量为研究手段,开展了弹舱开启对飞翼布局飞机气动特性影响及其流动控制试验研究。试验结果表明,对于飞翼布局飞机,弹舱开启主要影响飞机阻力特性,巡航状态下,弹舱开启后使得全机阻力增加60%～110%,Ma=0.8时全机升阻比降低34%。通过在弹舱前缘安装扰流片,对弹舱腔口剪切层施加流动控制,巡航状态下弹舱开启附加阻力最多降低20%,Ma=0.8时全机升阻比提高12.6%。     

Variation of dayside chorus waves associated with solar wind dynamic pressure based on MMS observations

The whistler-mode chorus waves are one of the most important plasma waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Generally, the amplitude of whistler-mode chorus waves prefers to strengthen when the energetic fluxes of anisotropic electrons increase outside the plasmapause. This characteristic is commonly associated with the geomagnetic storms or substorms. However, the relationship between the solar wind dynamic pressure (P_sw) and the long-time variation of chorus waves during the quiet period of the geomagnetic activity still needs more detailed investigations. In this paper, based on MMS observations, we present a chorus event just observed in the inner side of magnetopause without obvious geomagnetic storms or substroms. Interestingly, during this time interval, some P_sw fluctuations were recorded. Both the amplitudes and frequencies of chorus waves changed as a response to the variation in P_sw. It proved that the enhancement of P_sw increases the energetic electrons fluxes, which provides free energies for the chorus amplification. Furthermore, the wave growth rates calculated using linear theory increases and the central frequency of the chorus waves shifts to a higher frequency when the P_sw enhancement is greater, which are also consistent well with the observations. The results provide a direct evidence that the P_sw play an important role in the long-time variation of whistler-mode chorus waves inside the magnetopause.