绝缘子清扫机器人的动力学建模及轨迹优化

研究了支柱型绝缘子带电清扫机器人伸缩臂运动引起升降臂振动的问题，将升降臂和伸缩臂分别建模为柔性臂和刚性臂，形成末端具有移动刚体的柔性臂系统，在假设模态法的基础上建立了系统的Lagrange动力学模型，建模考虑了大多数柔性臂模型忽略的重力和非线性耦合的影响，分析了伸缩臂全局运动与升降臂局部振动的相互影响。提出一种单变量优化方法，以升降臂的残余变形能为性能指标，优化伸缩臂的运动轨迹，降低升降臂的残余振动。应用该方法对梯形速度曲线进行了优化，结果表明可以有效地控制升降臂的残余振动。该方法计算量小，便于在线实现。     

1 000 MW超超临界锅炉结渣特性预测模型

根据1 000 MW超超临界锅炉的实际运行数据,对其结渣特性进行研究和分析。建立了基于煤灰特性的锅炉结渣特性预测模型,包括单一指标和综合指标的各预测模型,这些预测模型能简单、快速地预测锅炉的结渣特性。但对于锅炉燃用煤质不均匀或采用混煤燃烧等情况,这类预测模型的准确性和可靠性将下降。同时根据锅炉运行时的实时监测数据,建立了基于炉膛清洁因子的炉膛结渣特性在线监测模型,通过炉膛出口后各受热面进出口蒸汽温度、流量,以及省煤器出口烟气温度等有关参数,利用反平衡法计算求得此时的炉膛出口烟气温度,然后求出炉膛的平均热有效性系数和炉膛清洁因子,最后根据清洁因子的大小来判断锅炉的结渣特性。该模型不仅能根据锅炉运行实时数据的采集,实现锅炉结渣特性的在线实时监测,而且能对煤质不均匀或采用混煤燃烧等情况的锅炉结渣特性做出较准确的判别。     

纺丝工艺对炭纤维缠绕复合材料强度转化率的影响

通过不同纺丝工艺的聚丙烯腈基炭纤维表面状态、NOL环及Φ150 mm容器的实验研究,分析了不同纺丝工艺对湿法缠绕复合材料聚丙烯腈基炭纤维强度转化率的影响。结果表明,干喷湿纺炭纤维比湿法纺丝Φ150 mm容器环向纤维强度转化率要高出11.9%~15.4%,湿法纺丝的炭纤维复合材料NOL环层间剪切强度要比干喷湿纺炭纤维复合材料高7.4~34.1 MPa。因此,干喷湿纺的炭纤维可应用于固体火箭发动机缠绕壳体、压力容器等主要承受拉伸应力的领域,可充分发挥其纤维强度;而湿法纺丝工艺制成的炭纤维与树脂基体结合紧密,利于载荷的传递,可应用于承受压缩剪切等复杂载荷的领域,从而发挥这两种纤维各自不同优势。     

光学基片表面软质抛光胶体粒子的激光清洗

介绍了光学基片表面软质抛光胶体粒子激光清洗的基本方法、原理和实验装置,并通过对含有污染微粒的基片表面进行激光清洗,获得了高洁净表面的光学基片.     

车辆及高速公路护栏清洗设备的现状与展望

本文简要地介绍了国内外对汽车、列车及高速公路护栏的清洗设备的设计思路、设备构成及使用情况，并分析提出了车辆及高速公路护栏的清洗设备的发展方向。     

Establishment of atmospheric weighted mean temperature model in the polar regions

Due to the special geographical location and extreme climate environment, the polar regions (Antarctic and Arctic) have an important impact on global climate change. Atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a crucial parameter in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal propagation. In this paper, the correlation between weighted mean temperature and surface temperature (Ts) is studied firstly. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between Tm and Ts are 0.93 in the Antarctic and 0.94 in the Arctic. The linear regression Tm model and quadratic function Tm model of the Antarctic and the Arctic are established respectively using the radiosonde profiles of 12 stations in the Antarctic and 58 stations in the Arctic from 2008 to 2015. The accuracies of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model which is a state-of-the-art global Tm model are verified using the radiosonde profiles from 2016 to 2018 in the Antarctic and Arctic. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model in the Antarctic are 3.07 K, 2.87 K and 4.32 K respectively, and those in the Arctic are 3.53 K, 3.38 K and 4.82 K, which indicates that the quadratic function Tm model has a higher accuracy compared to linear regression Tm model, and the accuracies of the two regional Tm models are better than that of GPT2w Tm model in the polar regions. In order to better evaluate the accuracy of Tm in the PWV retrieval, the PWV values of radiosondes are used for comparisons as the reference value. The RMS errors of PWV derived from the two Tm models are similar for 1.28 mm in the Antarctic and 1 mm in the Arctic respectively. In addition, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of Tm are analyzed in the polar regions by spectral analysis of Tm data using fast Fourier transform. The results show that the Tm has obvious seasonality and annual periodicity in the polar regions, and the maximum difference between warm season and cold season is about 63 K. After comparing and analyzing the influences of latitude, longitude and elevation on the Tm in the polar regions, it is found that latitude and elevation have a greater influence on the Tm than the longitude. As the latitude and elevation increase, the Tm decreases, and vice versa in the polar regions.     

Tropospheric wet refractivity tomography using multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique

Algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) have been successfully used to reconstruct the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere and in recent years be tentatively used in tropospheric wet refractivity and water vapor tomography in the ground-based GNSS technology. The previous research on ART used in tropospheric water vapor tomography focused on the convergence and relaxation parameters for various algebraic reconstruction techniques and rarely discussed the impact of Gaussian constraints and initial field on the iteration results. The existing accuracy evaluation parameters calculated from slant wet delay can only evaluate the resultant precision of the voxels penetrated by slant paths and cannot evaluate that of the voxels not penetrated by any slant path. The paper proposes two new statistical parameters Bias and RMS, calculated from wet refractivity of the total voxels, to improve the deficiencies of existing evaluation parameters and then discusses the effect of the Gaussian constraints and initial field on the convergence and tomography results in multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) to reconstruct the 4D tropospheric wet refractivity field using simulation method.     

航天发射塔回转轴承新型清洗剂研制

航天发射塔回转轴承由于尺寸较大、结构复杂等原因,对其直接进行拆卸保养的难度过大。针对航空煤油等传统轴承清洗液存在清洗不彻底、易燃易爆、人身健康危害等缺点,本文通过对轴承润滑脂的化学成分分析研究,配置出了一种新型清洗液,用于对航天发射塔回转轴承进行清洗。经实验验证,该清洗液具有易于配置、便于存储、除油率高等特点。     

一种基于循环阈值的海上固定目标清洗方法

针对海上电磁环境复杂、数据量巨大等问题,在进行态势分析时,将目标海域内对态势分析影响较小的固定目标进行清洗,可有效缩短数据处理的时间、降低复杂度,提高态势分析的效率和直观性。现有的固定目标清洗方法鲁棒性较低,不能排除异常跳变数据的干扰,对数据集中信息的准确性要求较高,不适用于海上复杂环境的数据处理。因此,文章提出了一种基于循环阈值的海上固定目标清洗方法,并在仿真军事场景上进行了实验分析,所提方法通过循环阈值过程能够排除自然因素、量测误差和异常跳变数据的干扰,有效检测出样本数据集中的固定目标。     

间冷燃气轮机预防凝析问题研究

针对间冷燃气轮机过程控制,提出了湿空气凝析问题.以湿空气等压和等温热力学状态变化为基础,分析了间冷燃气轮机压缩、间冷过程湿空气状态变化特征,推导了湿空气经过低压压气机压缩与间冷器冷却后状态参数的变化关系,得出了只有在间冷过程才会发生湿空气凝析的结论,建立了湿空气凝析的条件判别式.以在线测量参数可获取性为基础,建立了以间冷后静温为控制目标的多参数的逻辑控制方法,并结合工程实例对转换的控制静温进行了精度分析,结果表明其误差在0.6‰以内,编制了工程适用的间冷燃气轮机控制程序,并给出了全工况运行的控制方案.