旋转对固体火箭发动机两相流点火过程影响仿真研究

为研究高速旋转对内外燃管型装药固体火箭发动机凝聚相点火瞬态过程的影响规律，应用计算流体动力学（CFD）流体计算软件，使用用户定义函数（UDF）编程接口建立固体火箭发动机点火模型，对旋转条件下发动机凝聚相点火过程进行模拟。将数值计算结果与地面旋转实验内弹道进行对比分析，验证数值模型的正确性。计算结果表明：①点火药燃气颗粒因旋转做离心运动，大量粒子聚集在燃烧室头部上端，部分粒子附着在发动机壁面，且停留时间较长。②点火药燃气颗粒占比从20%增加到40%，点火压力峰值降低3.93%，发动机转速的升高会造成内弹道平衡压力升高，但点火压力峰会逐渐降低，且峰值出现时间发生延迟，转速达到15 000 r/min时点火压力峰消失。③转速增大，点火颗粒与推进剂传热增大，火焰传播期减小，但燃气填充期和点火延迟增大，点火药燃气颗粒占比为20%时，转速为15 000 r/min较静止条件下点火延迟增加了23.76%。     

空间用9Cr18 钢PIII 复合离子注入表面改性工艺研究

采用等离子体浸没离子注人(PⅢ)技术对9Cr18轴承钢表面进行了双注入及共注入Ti+N工艺处理.测试了处理前后试样的显微硬度及真空摩擦因数,并表征分析了表面磨损形貌.结果表明:处理后试样的显微硬度都有大幅提高,最大增幅达68.7％；表面真空摩擦因数由0.15下降到0.08；磨斑尺寸及粗糙度分别减少了54.4％和37.4％.双注入与共注入方式在相同参数下,双注入处理后的试样表面综合性能更加优异.     

New insights from cross-correlation studies between solar activity indices and cosmic-ray flux during Forbush decrease events

Observed galactic cosmic ray intensity can be subjected to a transient decrease. These so-called Forbush decreases are driven by coronal mass ejection induced shockwaves in the heliosphere. By combining in situ measurements by space borne instruments with ground-based cosmic ray observations, we investigate the relationship between solar energetic particle flux, various solar activity indices, and intensity measurements of cosmic rays during such an event. We present cross-correlation study done using proton flux data from the SOHO/ERNE instrument, as well as data collected during some of the strongest Forbush decreases over the last two completed solar cycles by the network of neutron monitor detectors and different solar observatories. We have demonstrated connection between the shape of solar energetic particles fluence spectra and selected coronal mass ejection and Forbush decrease parameters, indicating that power exponents used to model these fluence spectra could be valuable new parameters in similar analysis of mentioned phenomena. They appear to be better predictor variables of Forbush decrease magnitude in interplanetary magnetic field than coronal mass ejection velocities.     

高温环境下角接触球轴承磨损寿命分析

针对高温环境下轴承材料性质和润滑状态变化，造成轴承磨损加剧，过早丧失精度的问题。首先开展高温环境下轴承用材料的摩擦磨损试验，获取材料的磨损系数。在此基础上，考虑温度、润滑、轴承材料属性等对轴承磨损性能的影响，建立高温角接触球轴承磨损模型，通过数值求解探讨工况参数和结构参数等对轴承磨损性能的影响，并评估轴承的磨损寿命。结果表明：对于高温轴承材料无磁合金GH05，在高温300 ℃摩擦状态下平均磨损系数为2.5×10^-7 mm²/N；随着载荷、转速、温度的增加，轴承内、外滚道的磨损率均不断增大，其中内圈磨损率大于外圈，内圈磨损特性决定着轴承的磨损寿命；载荷和转速是决定轴承磨损寿命的主要因素，轴承主结构参数对磨损寿命具有重要影响，通过结构优化可提高轴承磨损寿命。     

车铣复合切削加工技术及其应用研究进展

综述了车铣复合切削过程中的运动学原理、刀具磨损、切屑形貌、切削力和表面完整性方面的最新研究进展；阐述了车铣复合在航空零部件和轴类零件加工中的应用；展望了车铣复合切削加工的研究方向。     

Effects of fiber orientation on tool wear evolution and wear mechanism when cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastics

The aim of the present paper is to reveal the influence of different fiber orientations on the tool wear evolution and wear mechanism. Side-milling experiments with large-diameter milling tools are conducted. A finite element (FE) cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is established to get insight into the cutting stress status at different wear stages. The results show that different fiber orientations bring about distinct differences in the extent, profile and mechanism of tool wear. Severer wear occurs when cutting 45° and 90° plies, followed by 0°, correspondingly, the least wear is obtained when θ = 135° (θ represents the orientation of fibers). Moreover, the worn profiles of cutting tools when θ = 0° and 45° are waterfall edge, while round edge occurs when θ = 135° and a combined shape of waterfall and round edge is obtained when θ = 90°. The wear mechanisms under different fiber orientations are strongly dependent on the cutting stress distributions. The evolution of tool wear profile is basically consistent with the stress distribution on the tool surface at different wear stages, and the extent of tool wear is determined by the magnitude of stress on the tool surface. Besides, the worn edges produce an actual negative clearance angle, which decreases the actual cutting thickness and leads to compressing and bending failure of fibers beneath the cutting region as well as low surface qualities.     

锯切圆柱形42CrMoA的声发射监测试验

针对锯切加工中的带锯条磨损状态未知、锯切质量下降等问题，本文研究了新试制的FTCUT双金属带锯条锯切圆柱形42CrMoA合金结构钢过程中锯切行为的变化，探讨了声发射信号与单刀锯切过程、锯齿磨损和锯切表面质量变化的关联。研究表明：锯切圆柱材料时随着锯切深度的变化，参与齿数先增大后减小，带锯条约束条件不断变化，进而影响着声发射信号幅值和锯切表面质量；基于时域分析可知锯齿磨损过程分为磨合磨损、快速磨损、稳定磨损三个阶段；基于FFT频域分析发现当频谱图出现多个主频，且第一主频幅值下降时，表明声发射信号来源比较分散，即可认定带锯条失效；基于小波包频域分析发现第7频段信号占比最高，最能反映工件表面质量的变化，其波动情况与锯切表面的微纹和波纹情况可建立一定的联系。因此，可基于声发射信号时域和频域分析判断锯齿磨损和锯切表面恶化情况，为锯齿磨损和锯切表面质量的在线监测提供一定的思路。     

Influence of alumina abrasive tool wear on ground surface characteristics and corrosion properties of K444 nickel-based superalloy

K444 nickel-based superalloy is an important material to manufacture the gas turbine due to its excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures and corrosion resistance. Currently,grinding is the mostly used method for the surface finish of the K444 alloy components. However,few studies worked on the effects of the abrasive tool wear on the ground surface characteristics and corrosion properties of K444 alloy. This study uses two different-type alumina abrasive tools, i.e.,white alumina(WA)...     

干式铣削Al-50wt%Si高硅铝合金刀具磨损与表面粗糙度评价

本文以Al-50wt%Si高硅铝合金为研究对象，采用单因素试验方法进行无涂层硬质合金刀具干式铣削试验，分析切削参数对刀具磨损和表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明：表面粗糙度受每齿进给量的影响最显著，随每齿进给量的增加而增加，当每齿进给量从0.07 mm/z增加到0.16 mm/z时，表面粗糙度增加2倍；刀具磨损受切削速度的影响最显著，随切削速度的增加而增加，当切削速度从140 m/min增加到260 m/min时，切削总长度降低3倍，而刀具后刀面磨损量仅是260 m/min速度下的0.8倍；表面粗糙度随刀具磨损的增加呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势，切削长度从350 mm增加到1 750 mm，刀具磨损量平均增加4.5倍，而表面粗糙度却下降2倍；硬质合金刀具主要的磨损形式为磨粒磨损、崩刃。