刀具磨损对TC11铣削表面粗糙度与残余应力的影响

为了研究TC11钛合金铣削加工过程中刀具磨损对加工表面质量的影响规律,设计了刀具磨损与铣削表面粗糙度、表面残余应力的试验。结果表明:TC11钛合金铣削加工过程中的刀具磨损可以分为:初期磨损、正常磨损、剧烈磨损三个阶段。当刀具处于"初期磨损"时,TC11铣削表面粗糙度随切削时间逐渐减小,铣削表面残余应力也呈减小趋势;当刀具处于"正常磨损"阶段时,铣削表面粗糙度和铣削表面残余应力都呈增加趋势,但增加的速度平稳;当刀具进入"剧烈磨损"阶段时,铣削表面粗糙度迅速增大,表面残余应力也较前两个阶段显著增加。另外,试验过程中的TC11铣削表面残余应力均表现为压应力。     

微动损伤的研究综述

论述了微动损伤的概念及对其研究的必要性。对微动损伤研究的两个主要部分即微动损伤的基础研究和防护方法的发展过程进行了论述,尤其对当前的研究现状及所取得的成果做了重点阐述,并说明了一些尚待研究的问题。从微动机理研究、微动件结构参数控制、微动疲劳寿命估算、工业应用、防护等几个方面概述了微动损伤研究的发展趋势。     

石墨密封材料高温摩擦磨损行为及预测

利用HT-1000型高温摩擦磨损试验机研究了石墨M210密封材料高温下摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察分析了磨损表面形貌.基于试验数据,通过灰色理论GM（1,1）建立了摩擦因数和磨损率预测模型.结果表明:石墨M210密封材料摩擦因数呈先增大再减小,而后趋于一稳定值,试验温度为450℃时,摩擦因数最小;磨损率随着试验温度升高而增大.试验温度在低于300℃,磨损表面具有明显的黏着、撕裂和无序的塑流动痕迹,高于400℃时,塑流动痕迹具有明显的方向性,出现了剥落和断裂痕迹.温度较低时,石墨材料表面主要是水汽物理吸附膜起润滑作用,随着试验温度升高,由物理吸附膜润滑逐渐转向反应膜润滑.基于试验数据建立了精度等级均为1级的摩擦因数和磨损率的预测模型.      

A numerical model for bird strike on sidewall structure of an aircraft nose

In order to examine the potential of using the coupled smooth particles hydrodynamic(SPH) and finite element(FE) method to predict the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in bird strike events, bird-strike tests on the sidewall structure of an aircraft nose are carried out and numerically simulated. The bird is modeled with SPH and described by the Murnaghan equation of state, while the structure is modeled with finite elements. A coupled SPH–FE method is developed to simulate the bird-strike tests and a numerical model is established using a commercial software PAM-CRASH. The bird model shows no signs of instability and correctly modeled the break-up of the bird into particles. Finally the dynamic response such as strains in the skin is simulated and compared with test results, and the simulated deformation and fracture process of the sidewall structure is compared with images recorded by a high speed camera. Good agreement between the simulation results and test data indicates that the coupled SPH–FE method can provide a very powerful tool in predicting the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in events of bird strike.     

切削Ni基高温合金适用的可转位硬质合金刀具的试验研究

Ni基高温合金的应用日益增多,但其加工困难、效率低,为此进行了高效车削适用的硬质合金可转位车刀的涂层、几何角度与刀片形状的切削试验。结果表明,TiAlN涂层、主偏角为45°、前角为3°～9°、刀片为圆形的车刀效果较好。     

含稀土TiCx增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面成功制备了含稀土CeO₂的碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层。运用渗透探伤、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、电子探针、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等分析和测试方法研究了碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层的成形质量、微观组织、元素分布、硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,涂层内无裂纹缺陷,仅在层间过渡区分布有少量气孔（孔隙率为1.65%）。涂层中物相主要包括富Ti、Cr元素的β固溶体（CrTi₄）、缺位型碳化钛（TiC_x）和稀土氧化物（CeO₂）。熔覆层各微区的碳化钛形貌存在显著差异,熔覆层顶部和中部区域呈发达树枝晶状和针状,而结合区由针状和小尺寸不发达枝晶组成。碳化钛枝晶中碳元素分布不均匀,一次枝晶含碳量高于二次枝晶。基体相中Ni和Cr元素呈现明显偏析,而Al和V元素分布相对均匀。此外,稀土氧化物CeO₂主要分布于TiC_x与CrTi₄相界以及CrTi₄晶粒边界处。与基材相比,尽管TiC_x增强钛基复合涂层具有较高的摩擦系数,但其耐磨性显著增加（提高近52%）。熔覆层和基材磨损机制均为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的复合磨损模式,但熔覆层的磨损程度较轻。     

航煤裂解气低温自点火特性与等离子体助燃研究

为获得燃料低温自点火特性以及等离子体对燃料点火的促进作用,基于快速压缩机实验系统,研究了52％He稀释、当量比1.0、压力3.4MPa、温度877.7～915.9K条件下,航煤裂解气(29.4％CH4/30.8％C2H6/21.3％C2H4/18.5％C3H6)的自点火特性,并获得其点火延迟时间.在此基础上,采用放电与...     

磨粒磨损对砂带磨削TC17表面完整性的影响研究

砂带磨粒磨损直接影响磨削表面质量进而影响构件综合服役性能.以表面完整性为评估指标,对砂带磨损前后钛合金的表面加工质量进行了试验研究,揭示了砂带磨粒磨损对磨削TC17表面粗糙度、残余应力和表面硬度的影响规律及机制.结果表明,磨粒磨损后由于高度均匀化、单位面积切削磨粒数增加、磨削深度减小,使得表面粗糙度减小、纹理均匀细腻,...     

机匣转静刮磨后轴流压气机气动性能评估研究

为揭示机匣可磨耗涂层磨损造成的叶尖间隙和粗糙度变化对压气机气动性能的影响规律,针对不同刮磨形貌下Rotor 37转子性能进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,压气机等熵效率和出口流量对刮磨间隙和粗糙度的变化较为敏感,降幅最高可达1.78%和0.83%,而压比变化不大;刮磨间隙深度增加,刮磨最深位置前移时,叶尖泄漏增强,泄漏流与上端壁附面层及主流相互作用演变为泄漏涡,与激波相互干涉,造成较大的叶尖损失;压气机气动性能受磨损区域粗糙度影响较小,虽然等熵效率对粗糙度变化较为敏感,但最大降幅也仅为0.38%。磨损区域粗糙度增加时,近壁区湍流波动加强且气流更易分离,引起叶尖泄漏流和叶片尾迹区域的流动结构变化,使压气机气动特性向低流量方向偏移。     

Cosmological Shock Waves

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.