槽道内涡波流场展向涡的分布特征

通过2DPIV测量了槽道内涡波流场的瞬态速度矢量场,利用雷诺分解和旋转强度的λci准则进行了展向涡的识别;并从识别的逆时针和顺时针展向涡的尺度属性、力学属性和运动属性方面分析了展向涡的分布特征。结果表明,流场中的顺时针展向涡的数量大于逆时针展向涡的数量;在法向位置0.05~0.45范围内,逆时针展向涡的旋转强度呈抛物线形状变化,顺时针展向涡整体呈下降趋势;逆时针展向涡的平均直径和椭圆平均长轴长度随着法向位置的增加而缓慢增加,而顺时针展向涡趋于下降;逆时针展向涡的椭圆长轴倾角最大值为67.28°,顺时针展向涡的等效椭圆的离心率呈下降趋势,似圆性较好;逆时针展向涡对全局平均的〈vωz〉分量在法向位置0.15处出现最大值61%;展向涡对流场雷诺应力的影响较小;逆时针展向涡的数量密度在0~0.08法向位置范围内呈急剧上升趋势,并达到最大值0.36,顺时针展向涡数量密度整体呈倒U形分布;不同旋向的展向涡占总展向涡数量密度的比值都大于0.3;展向涡的流向对流速度整体上小于流场的平均速度,且在槽道中心区域差值较大;展向涡的法向对流速度随着法向距离增加,从负值上升到正值,在中心主流两侧分别发生喷射和扫掠2种现象。     

跨声速压气机转子叶尖泄漏涡非定常特性数值研究

为了研究跨声速单转子压气机系统叶尖泄漏涡的非定常特性,选取Rotor 67孤立转子为研究对象,针对不同背压工况与不同转速工况进行了非定常数值模拟。结果表明:在每一转速状态都存在一非定常边界,其将特性线分为定常部分和非定常部分。当转子运行在特性线非定常部分时,随着背压提高,叶尖泄漏涡脉动频率逐渐减小。这是由于背压提高使叶尖前缘负荷变小,叶尖泄漏涡的驱动力也变小。叶尖泄漏涡的频率特征与转子转速息息相关。高转速状态时叶尖泄漏涡主要表现出低频特征,低转速状态时叶尖泄漏涡主要表现出高频特征。这是由于转速不同,叶尖激波的脱体程度不同,激波对于叶尖泄漏涡的激励位置也不同。由非定常叶尖泄漏涡引起的压力波的周向传播速度在各转速下表现出较强的规律性。随着流量系数的减小,压力波波速呈线性减小趋势,且各转速下减小的速率大致相同。且在波速-流量系数曲线中,各转速的非定常状态起始点基本位于同一条直线。      

Large-eddy simulation and linear acoustic modeling of entropy mode oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection

Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermo-acoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the combustor. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional (1D) Acoustic Network Method (ANM). Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results.     

基于CEMD的旋翼微动目标杂波抑制方法

针对旋翼微动目标杂波抑制问题,研究了一种基于复数据经验模态分解（CEMD）的微动目标杂波抑制方法。首先,建立了地杂波背景下的旋翼微动目标信号模。然后,根据杂波和微动信号在时频域的差异性,基于CEMD和Gabor变换,通过新定义的不同本征模态函数（IMF）的能量所占总能量的比重,选择出微动信号占优所对应的几个IMF分量,并基于这些IMF对旋翼微动目标进行时域和时频域重构,实现旋翼微动目标和杂波的分离,达到抑制杂波提取微动目标回波的目的。最后,与常规杂波抑制方法进行了对比,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

旋转爆震发动机燃烧室气膜出流影响数值研究

针对旋转爆震发动机（RDE）壁面的高热负荷问题,开展旋转爆震发动机燃烧室壁面气膜冷却的数值仿真,探究气膜出流与爆震波、斜激波和燃烧室流场之间的相互作用以及气膜对壁面的冷却特性。研究结果表明:爆震波对气膜的压缩和冷却孔的堵塞作用明显,气膜对爆震波整体的传播特性影响较小。受爆震波和燃烧室流场的影响,气膜出流存在周期性的摆动情况,这在一定程度上影响了壁面的冷却效果。在爆震波覆盖的壁面区域,峰值壁温下降程度有限,但时均壁温的降幅超过26.9%;在斜激波覆盖区域,随着冷气量的增加,峰值壁温和时均壁温的降幅超过32.5%和51.3%,气膜对该区域壁面的冷却效果更加明显。      

翼型波浪水面巡航地面效应数值模拟

数值求解非定常不可压缩流动的雷诺平均N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,用VOR(Volume Of Fluid)方法模拟波浪水面,模拟了NACA2410翼型在波浪水面上方飞行的流场.研究了余弦波浪水面的生成方法,选取合适的计算网格和时间步长,避免了在生成规则余弦波浪水面时由于数值耗散使波面形状衰减.比较了固壁波浪与水面波浪计算结果的差异,发现固壁波浪的结果更接近余弦曲线分布.研究了波浪等级对翼型气动性能的影响,分析计算结果发现:在规则的余弦水面波浪上方飞行,翼型气动力呈现周期性,给出了一个周期内气动力的变化过程,以及波长和波幅对气动力平均值和波动幅度的影响规律.      

提高航天器超声检漏灵敏度的方法研究

应用超声进行航天器舱体及管道系统检漏是一种可快速定位漏点的无损检测方法,从试验方法及信号处理上可以有效提高各种工况下的检漏灵敏度。文章对非接触超声检漏提高有效湍流强度增强超声信号和接触超声检漏改变信号带通频率这两种方法进行了试验研究。结果显示,采用这两种方法均能增强有效信号强度,提高检漏灵敏度。     

Influence of shock attenuation on tailored operation in free piston shock tunnels

The free piston shock tunnel is a type of shock tunnel with high performance. For this type of tunnel, the influence mechanism of shock wave attenuation on tailored operation is explored by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. By introducing the normalized velocity, the simple constraint equation for shock wave under the tailored operation is deduced. Moreover, the real gas effect is also taken into account in this equation. Based on the equation, the tailored operation of shock tunnels can be predicted with very few calculations. The present study shows that the change rate of the thermodynamic state of the gas behind the shock wave is inconsistent with the attenuation rate of the shock wave, which is the fundamental reason why the wind tunnel achieves tailored operation at a lower Mach number of shock waves. This lower Mach number of shock waves differs from the corresponding ideal value by a factor, which is about the square root of shock attenuation rate.     

Siren(旋笛式)激励系统的气动声学特性

基于siren(旋笛式)激励系统,理论推导了旋笛产生的非定常脉动速度和双传声器法获得的声质点振动速度之间的能量转换关系,并通过系统的气动声学特性实验考察了激励强度、频率、马赫数以及传感器间距对声质点振动速度的影响,验证了理论模型.结果表明:由旋笛产生的非定常脉动速度并不完全转换为声质点振动速度,这种转换关系主要与马赫数有关.且当流体为不可压缩气体,即马赫数小于0.3时,能量转换因子与马赫数的平方成正比,马赫数越大,能量转换因子越大,非定常流动转换为声能的效率越高.      

Suppressing unsteady motion of shock wave by high-frequency plasma synthetic jet

Three Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators (PSJA) under the high-frequency actuation are used to control the Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction (SWBLI), a high-speed schlieren image processing method based on spatial Fourier transform as well as snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition were used to study the control effect of high-frequency plasma synthetic jet on low-frequency unsteadiness of SWBLI. The analysis of the base flow shows that the separated shock wave actually has both large- and small-amplitude vibrations at low frequency. And the results revealed that the PSJA with an operating frequency of 2 kHz has the ability to reduce the energy of low-frequency component of shock wave motion, indicating that the 2 kHz actuation can effectively suppress low-frequency unsteadiness of the separated wave. Compared with the actuation frequency of 2 kHz, the energy of low-frequency component of the shock wave is enhanced under the 8 kHz actuation, which aggravates the low-frequency unsteady motion of the shock wave. It is likely that the actuation frequency is too high, thus the intensity of the precursor shock wave induced by PSJA becomes weaker. Additionally, as the 4 kHz actuation is applied, the pulsation of the separation region was enhanced, it is speculated that the actuation frequency is coupled with the oscillation frequency of the separation region.