展向行波状Lorentz力的波数对壁湍流控制的影响

展向行波状Lorentz力可以有效调制湍流近壁流动及减少壁面摩擦阻力。为了解行波波数在壁湍流控制中的影响,并进一步揭示该方法的减阻机理,本文利用Fourier-Chebyshev谱方法,通过直接数值模拟（DNS）,对槽道湍流的展向行波状Lorentz力控制和减阻问题进行了研究,讨论了展向波数kz对近壁流动及壁面阻力的影响。结果表明,当展向行波状Lorentz力诱导的流场被用来调制固有的近壁湍流流场时,固有流场和诱导流场同时受到调制。Lorentz力的展向波数对流场调制效果具有显著影响。通过波数的选择,引进新的涡结构,可以调制条带结构的展向间距与强度,影响近壁流体的湍流猝发活动,从而调制壁面摩擦阻力的大小。     

搅拌流内大振幅界面波特性研究

针对竖直管内不同工况下气液两相搅拌流内的大振幅界面波特征参数(波形、波幅、波长和频率等)及运动特性进行了实验研究,系统分析了流动参数对大振幅界面波特征参数及运动特性的影响规律。结果表明:由于重力和气流剪切力在大振幅界面波不同运动阶段的影响程度不同,大振幅界面波在运动过程中存在与气流先逆向后同向的运动特点,证明了液泛现象普遍存在于搅拌流内,揭示了造成搅拌流液膜振荡剧烈的原因;搅拌流内,大振幅界面波波形符合正态分布函数特征,且波幅较环状流内扰动波波幅大,但是波幅和波长变化趋势与环状流内扰动波变化趋势相似,即波幅和波长随着气速的增大而减小,随液量的增大而增大,且当气速较小时,临界波幅随着液量的增加逐渐趋于定值;而大振幅界面波平均产生频率随气速和液速的增大而增大。     

射流对高超声速进气道起动性能的影响

为探索利用射流技术降低进气道起动马赫数的可行性,对二元高超声速进气道二维流场进行了数值模拟,通过对比不同工况的流场结构、流量系数及总压恢复系数,分析了射流对高超声速进气道的作用效果,并研究了射流速度、压强及倾角对进气道起动性能的影响。分析结果表明:施加射流,激波与进气道边界层原有干扰形式发生改变,是降低进气道起动马赫数的主要原因。研究还表明,增大射流速度利于提高控制效果,但持续增大射流速度,会造成隔离段反压升高,并且这一现象与射流压强相关,降低射流压强能使进气道起动的射流速度区间扩大,同时在不同射流倾角下,上述规律表现一致。该研究揭示了进气道起动能力随射流参数变化的系统性规律,可用于指导工程设计及优化。     

Effect of Semi-solid Isothermal Heat Treatment on Microstructure of VW63Z Alloy

The effects of isothermal heat treatment on the semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z (Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.4Zr, wt.%) alloy are studied. It shows that the microstructure of VW63Z alloy could transform from equiaxed crystal to semi-solid spherical crystal after isothermal heat treatment above 620 ºC. With the heating temperature elevating from 620 ºC to 635 ºC and the holding time prolonging from 10 min to 35 min, the liquid fraction increases gradually. The semi-solid microstructure evolution of VW63Z alloy can be divided into three stages, i.e., particle coarsening and spheroidization;particle necking, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening;and dynamic equilibrium. The semi-solid process window of VW63Z alloy ranges from 620 ºC to 635 ºC, where the best process parameters are holding at 635 ºC for 20 min?30 min. The solid fraction, the average particle size, and the shape factor are 41.1%?53.8%, 81.5 μm?83.2 μm, and 0.70?0.75, respectively. The maximum relative deviations of the solid fraction, the particle size, and the shape factor at different heights of the same billet are 44.6%, 17.4%, and 16.6%, respectively, which means that it should pay attention to the uniformity of edge and core of VW63Z alloy during isothermal heat treatment. The driving force of microstructure is supposed to be the reduction of solid-liquid interface free energy.     

Investigation of vertical profile of rain microstructure at Ahmedabad in Indian tropical region

The microstructure of rain has been studied with observations using a vertical looking Micro Rain Radar (MRR) at Ahmedabad (23.06°N, 72.62°E), a tropical location in the Indian region. The rain height, derived from the bright band signature of melting layer of radar reflectivity profile, is found to be variable between the heights 4600 m and 5200 m. The change in the nature of rain, classified on the basis of radar reflectivity, is also observed through the MRR. It has been found that there are three types of rain, namely, convective, mixed and stratiform rain, prevailing with different vertical rain microstructures, such as, Drop Size Distribution (DSD), mean drop size, rain rate, liquid water content and average fall speed of the drops at different heights. It is observed that the vertical DSD profile is more inhomogeneous for mixed and stratiform type rain than for convective type rain. It is also found that the large number of drops of size <0.5 mm is present in convective rain whereas in stratiform rain, drops concentration is appreciable up to 1 mm. A comparison of measurements taken by ground based Disdrometer and that from the 200 m level obtained from MRR shows good agreement for rain rate and DSD at smaller rain rate values. The results may be useful for understanding rain structures over this region.     

太赫兹肖特基二极管混频性能分析

工作在太赫兹波段的肖特基混频二极管的混频性能会受到高频效应的影响而降低.将有限差分算法引入二极管内部电磁场的计算中,并从结电容并联效应、趋肤效应、等离子共振、速率饱和效应四个方面分析了高频效应对二极管混频性能的影响,并以截止频率作为品质因数,对二极管结构参数进行优化设计.仿真实验结果表明:随着频率的提高,减小阳极直径、减小外延层厚度和提高外延层掺杂浓度能减小高频效应的影响,提高太赫兹二极管的混频性能.     

纳米TiC粉末改性钎料钎焊CBN磨粒的结合界面和磨损特性

采用了Ag-Cu-Ti 合金和纳米 TiC 粉末组成的新型复合钎料钎焊立方氮化硼(CBN)磨粒和工具基体,运用了三维体式显微镜和扫描电镜,研究了CBN磨粒与改性钎料之间的结合体系,包括界面微结构和反应产物,并进行了钎焊磨粒耐磨性试验.试验结果表明:加入的纳米TiC粉末均匀分布在钎料层内,细化了Ag-Cu-Ti合金钎料层的显微组织,有效控制了CBN磨粒与钎料的剧烈反应;磨粒表面化合物均匀致密,确保了CBN磨粒、纳米改性钎料和基体之间的结合强度;钎焊CBN磨粒的磨损形式以磨耗磨损为主,后期出现微小破碎,无磨粒脱落.     

Multi-frequency RCS Reduction Characteristics of Shape Stealth with MLFMA with Improved MMN

Three new control factors are presented for calculating the multipole mode number (MMN) efficiently and precisely. The effects of these control factors on the number of integral samples and the precision of multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) are investigated. A new approach based on control factors which is proven to be able to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the needed memory significantly as well as ensuring the proper precision. For three aircraft models, the improved MLFMA is employed to analyze their multi-frequency scattering characteristics. It is found that aircraft shape can influence radar cross section (RCS) in different frequency zones. Both the multi-frequency RCS reduction characteristics of shape stealth aircraft and the conventional aircraft with stealth design taken into account are investigated, and the results show that shape stealth exhibits significant RCS reduction in the resonance and high-frequency zones, and with a weaker influence in the Rayleigh zone. Compared with radar absorbing material (RAM), shape stealth yields a wider multi-frequency RCS reduction. The above-mentioned results can be applied to stealth design for multiple frequencies or even for all frequencies.     

液体离心喷嘴中的静态表面波

为了探讨液体离心喷嘴中静态空间波动现象的物理本质,在经典理论的基础上分析了液体离心喷嘴中喷口处表面波的相速度和平均轴向速度的相等关系,通过结合CICSAM表面捕捉技术在自适应网格中求解耦合VOF方程的N-S方程组的数值模拟,在旋转轴对称的长喷口模型中获得了不同背压下的空间静止波型。数值模拟结果与经典重力波理论的类比表明:表面波有与液体平均轴向速度大小相等方向相反的相速度;波动由喷嘴的过渡段台阶激励起;波动能量传播速度小于相速度使波动在台阶后的喷口段显现。     

LSDW速度随激光参数和环境气体压强变化规律的实验研究

对LSDW速度随入射激光能量、激光聚焦角度和环境气体压强变化的规律进行了实验研究。研究发现,入射单脉冲激光能量越大,聚焦角度越小,环境气体压强越小,LSDW的传播速度越大。实验测量得到的LS-DW速度随入射激光能量、聚焦角度和环境气体压强的变化规律与一维理论公式中体现的规律完全一致。将相同条件下的实验数据与理论结果进行比较后发现,二者在定性上取得了很好的一致性,但在定量上有所差别,因此需要对现有一维理论公式进行修正,以便更深入地研究LSDW的传播演化规律和特性。