考虑流向曲率和压力梯度的可压缩边界层稳定性分析

以圆弧,平板和尖锥为研究对象,基于线性稳定性理论,重点讨论了曲率和压力梯度对可压缩边界层稳定性的影响。     

低速大尺寸传热风洞的研制

为进行航空发动机内特别是叶轮机械内的边界层、传热和气膜冷却研究，设计、建造了大尺寸低速回流式风洞。描述了风洞结构和设计中考虑的主要问题。风洞性能测试结果表明，试验段中的气流达到很高的均匀度，不用紊流发生器时可达到很低的紊流度，试验板上的边界层参数和换热系数都和公认的关系式符合良好。     

带跨音结尾激波的二元收-扩管内附面层控制实验研究

本文较深入地研究了由直-曲壁构成的二元收-扩管内收敛段底壁的附画层抽气板形状,在吸除系数为1条件下,吸除附面层对几何喉道附近壁画、对跨音结尾激波与扩压器壁附面层干扰区上游的附面层发展的影响;研究了结尾跨音激波与扩压器底壁附面层干扰区的附面层控制对其下游的流场畸变的影响;文中并对有、无附面层控制下的干扰区下游的动态畸变作了比较.指出,通过对干扰区的附面层抽吸,近壁面的紊流度峰值和平均值大大下降.     

Variability and climatology of precipitable water vapor from 12-year GPS observations in Taiwan

Because of global warming, global sea levels have risen, the frequency of drought in Taiwan is much more frequent in winter and spring, and rainfall tends to concentrate in summer. The probability of disaster-type weather has also increased significantly. Estimating precipitable water vapor (PWV) through GPS signals, related studies and analyses of weather conditions, and the effective use of meteorological forecasts have been valued by many meteorological research organizations and officials. In this study, PWV data from 2006 to 2017 and rainfall data were used for long-term harmonic analysis. PWV data calculated by ECMWF (ECMWF-PWV) and PWV data calculated by GPS (GPS-PWV) were subjected to regression analysis to verify the reliability of the GPS-PWV data. The research results show that GPS-PWV and ECMWF-PWV have extremely high correlations; however, the climatic characteristics of some regions and the high spatial resolution of GPS-PWV are able to accurately calculate the high topographic relief of small areas. It is judged that the GPS-PWV is more accurate than the ECMWF-PWV. It is worth noting that the PWV trend of the regions during the 6-year-before period has not changed very much, but the rainfall trend has changed obviously. Except for the eastern region, most of the regions show a decreasing trend year by year. More long-term observations are still needed to prove whether this phenomenon relates to global warming. Long-term rainfall analysis showed that the topography blocked water vapor to the western, southern, and mountainous regions, making them distinctly wet or dry. The harmonic curve showed great consistency with the peaks of PWV and rainfall. However, in the northern and eastern parts of the windward side, the time when maximum rainfall occurred each year may be one month later than the time when the maximum PWV value occurred each year. The reason for this difference is likely to be a decrease in the number of autumn typhoons, resulting in a nearly one-month difference in PWV peaks and rainfall peaks. Finally, we analyzed the linear trend of GPS-PWV and temperature for all regions in Taiwan, and found that annual increasing rate of GPS-PWV and temperature of all regions are within 0.4–0.5 mm/year and 0.04–0.11 C°/year, respectively.     

Ferrofluid moving thin films for active flow control

Ferrofluid moving thin films and their possible significance with regard to active flow control for lift and attack angle enhancement are discussed. In this strategy, a very thin film of ferrofluid is strongly attached at the wall of the wing by a normal magnetic field from below and pumped tangentially along the wing. Utilizing a simplified physical model and from the available experimental data on moving walls, the expected lift enhancement and effect on the attack angle were assessed. Additional research and design is required in order to explore the possibilities in the use of ferrofluid moving thin films.     

求解-维浅水波方程的中心差分格式

使用Haim Nessyahu和Eitan Tadmor给出的求解双曲型守恒律的中心差分交错格式求解浅水波方程,经一维溃坝问题数值实验验证了该格式对于求解浅水波方程的可行性和有效性。     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

Analysis on capabilities of density-based solvers within OpenFOAM to distinguish aerothermal variables in difusion boundary layer

Open source feld operation and manipulation（OpenFOAM）is one of the most prevalent open source computational fluid dynamics（CFD）software.It is very convenient for researchers to develop their own codes based on the class library toolbox within OpenFOAM.In recent years,several density-based solvers within OpenFOAM for supersonic/hypersonic compressible flow are coming up.Although the capabilities of these solvers to capture shock wave have already been verifed by some researchers,these solvers still need to be validated comprehensively as commercial CFD software.In boundary layer where diffusion is the dominant transportation manner,the convective discrete schemes＇capability to capture aerothermal variables,such as temperature and heat flux,is different from each other due to their own numerical dissipative characteristics and from viewpoint of this capability,these compressible solvers within OpenFOAM can be validated further.In this paper,frstly,the organizational architecture of density-based solvers within OpenFOAM is analyzed.Then,from the viewpoint of the capability to capture aerothermal variables,the numerical results of several typical geometrical felds predicted by these solvers are compared with both the outcome obtained from the commercial software Fastran and the experimental data.During the computing process,the Roe,AUSM＋（Advection Upstream Splitting Method）,and HLLC（Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact）convective discrete schemes of which the spatial accuracy is 1st and 2nd order are utilized,respectively.The compared results show that the aerothermal variables are in agreement with results generated by Fastran and the experimental data even if the1st order spatial precision is implemented.Overall,the accuracy of these density-based solvers can meet the requirement of engineering and scientifc problems to capture aerothermal variables in diffusion boundary layer.     

尾迹对涡轮动叶全表面气膜冷却效率的影响

采用压敏漆（PSP）测量技术研究了尾迹对涡轮动叶气膜冷却效率的影响，测试叶片带有11排圆柱形气膜孔。获得了不同质量流量比和尾迹斯特劳哈尔数（Sr=0，0.12，0.36）条件下全表面气膜冷却效率分布的试验数据，结果表明：随着尾迹Sr数的增加，叶片前缘区域径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达36.5%，吸力面径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达53.5%，压力面径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达24.2%；尾迹对前缘和吸力面气膜冷却效率的影响大于压力面；随着质量流量比增加，尾迹的影响减小；在进行涡轮动叶表面气膜冷却结构设计时，不考虑尾迹效应会增加设计风险。     

廊坊市市区水资源规划治理研究

水资源是人类赖以生存的资源,现今,水资源已成为制约我国民经济发展的障碍,如何在充分利用水资源、保护水资源的基础上发展经济,是实现可持续发展的重要条件。本文通过对废水排放量和规划用水量的预测,对廊坊市未来的水资源利用规划提出建议,实现可持续发展。