预移相型恒温热线(膜)流速计的动态响应方程

分析传统恒温热线热膜流速计(简称 HWFA)动态方程后,提出了一种新型HWFA 线路模型——主电桥预移相模型,推导出真实条件下小扰动动态响应方程,并按此原理设计制造了崭新的高性能 IFV—900型 HWFA 样机。该机全部革除了传统HWFA 的三个调节参量,大大地简化了调节步骤;不自激振荡的范围明显增宽,极大地减少了使用上的麻烦;频带宽度比当今世界流行的 HWFA 增宽了2～5倍;加上一系列智能化功能后使自动化程度达到了新的高度。这一新型 HWFA 的问世将可能导至 HWFA技术的重大改进和新的变革。首先阐明主电桥预移相模型的提出和真实条件下小扰动动态响应方程的推导。随后将用若干姐妹篇阐明动态方程频率响应调节元物理值的解析解,频率特性实验分析手段的电扰动试验响应情况的理论分析等内容。     

热膜技术在水流测速中的应用研究

研究了在我国现有条件下，利用普通自来水，在室内和试验水槽中不设调温装置的情况下，热膜技术在水流测速中应用的有关技术问题。并利用从美国TSI公司进口的1050A恒温型热线／热膜流速仪测量了紊动射流和三峡溢流坝模型冲坑中掺气水流的脉动流速及紊动结构问题，获得了成功。     

超音速射流气膜冷却效果的试验研究

以二维平板模型高速导弹头罩上的探测窗口,用电加温产生的热气流模拟导弹飞行时的气动加热,对采用气膜邓控制导弹探测窗口温度的效果及规律进行了研究。着重探讨了气膜冷却临界长度ＬＣ与气膜冷却有效度η随射流缝高Ｓ,喷射率λ及主射流夹角α等参数的变化规律,并总结出一个相关参数及一些经验公式。研究结果与国外有关文献基本一致。     

回转体头部空化噪声特性的实验研究

为了分析回转体头部空化噪声特性,利用高速水洞实验室对实验测得的回转体圆头头体、平头头体模型空化噪声的谱特性进行了测量。测量结果表明:在空化形态不变的条件下,空化噪声宽带谱级将随空泡数的减小而单调增加;随着空化的发展,其空化噪声谱的低频段升高,而高频段的噪声则相对下降;在空泡数基本相同的条件下,模型空化噪声的宽带谱级和谱形基本相同。     

薄膜电阻温度计原理性误差分析及数据处理方法研究

薄膜电阻温度计是高超声速测热试验中一种常用的传感器,多用于激波风洞中.改进薄膜电阻温度计测热数据的后处理方法,分析其原理性误差,提出修正方法,可以进一步提高热流测量精度,为防热设计提供可靠数据.应用三维热传导理论,考虑热流和温升的耦合影响,计算了气动加热条件下薄膜电阻温度计结构温升情况,得到了铂层内的温度分布规律,并与一维半无限简化理论得到的薄膜电阻温度计表层温度相互对比,得到了模型简化带来的原理性误差;建立了由表面温升计算表面热流的导热反问题计算方法,与经典的Cook-Felderman处理公式和热电模拟网络处理方法相互对比,提出了修止热流值的方法,为提高热流测量精度提供了一种可行的手段.     

水下巡检蛇形机器人移动单元结构设计及计算

随着经济蓬勃发展,水生农作物市场的需求量不断增长,水域水质检测行业显得日益重要,但人工水质水域检测效率低下,为此设计一套可以搭载检测传感器的水质检测蛇形机器人,以提高检测效率、降低检测成本、减轻人工劳动力度.为适应水下环境,该机器人具备小巧、灵活、机动性能好、转弯灵活、对复杂水域适应能力强、可检测不同深度水质的特点,在...     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

毛白杨不同无性系苗木耗水量及其昼夜分配

在苗木生长旺盛时期对19个毛白杨Populus tomentosa无性系当年生苗木耗水特性进行研究,分析比较了无性系间耗水量、耗水速率差异及昼夜分配关系.结果表明:毛白杨不同无性系间耗水量差异极显著,耗水速率差异显著.无性系26、46、BL5、BL8和S86的日耗水量较大,最高的无性系26达(268.1±20.3) g·d~(-1),无性系30、81、87、1316和TG34的耗水量较小,最低的无性系1316仅(92.0±12.5) g·d~(-1).总叶面积是引起毛白杨无性系间耗水量差异的重要原因,两者相关系数达0.78,因此在对毛白杨进行速生丰产林营造时应针对无性系确立合理的栽植密度和灌溉量.毛白杨白天耗水速率为112.1～218.8 g·m~(-2)·h~(-1),其中,无性系26、46、B331和BL2的耗水速率较高,高于181.1 g·m~(-2)·h~(-1),无性系20、30和87的耗水速率较低,低于119.5 g·m~(-2)·h~(-1).毛白杨无性系间昼夜耗水量分配稳定,苗木白天耗水量占全天的88.4%～92.6%(平均约90%),白天平均耗水速率与日平均耗水速率比值为1.8.     

Tear Resistance of Orthogonal Kevlar-PWF-reinforced TPU Film

This work seeks to investigate the notch sensitivity and fracture behaviour of orthogonal Kevlar-plain woven fabric (PWF)-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) film applied to high altitude balloon. Four types of specimens are implemented to measure notched strength and fracture toughness by conducting static tension and tear tests on an MTS system respectively. The damage and failure mechanisms are discussed and the results for notched strength and tear resistance are evaluated and compared with each other. From the experiments, it is found that the notch sensitivity of the film increases with the increase in the size of the hole, but the notch sensitivity and the stress concentration of the notch are insignificant and there is a decrease of only about 4%-10% in tensile strength for the notched specimens with different hole sizes in diameter compared with the unnotched specimen. In contrast, the tear resistance containing a central slit with only 1 mm length is about half of tensile strength of the unnotched film, which implies that the tear resistance exists an significant notch sensitivity. The results of this study provide an insight into notch sensitivity and fracture behaviour of the Kevlar-PWF-reinforced TPU film and constitute a fundamental basis for the design of high altitude balloon.