冰风洞试验中水滴的传热传质计算研究

进行冰风洞试验时,出口过冷水滴的参数往往使用风洞来流空气参数进行计算,忽略了真实情况下水滴与空气的传热传质过程,致使试验数据产生偏差,并影响测试结果的可靠性.通过对冰风洞试验中水滴的运动过程进行研究,考察了水滴与空气主流间的传热与传质现象,建立了水滴运动过程中参数变化的控制方程.基于该方程编制了冰风洞水滴粒径温度变化分析软件,计算分析了过冷水滴在行进过程中相关参数的变化曲线,比较了不同初始条件及各参数对水滴温度、直径和速度的影响.结果表明:不同环境下水滴在运动过程中温度、尺寸和速度变化受来流温度、速度、相对湿度和水滴初始温度的影响,呈现出不同的特点,不能忽略水滴状态参数在冰风洞内的变化.     

负梯度浅海混响条件下吊放声纳主动探测深度研究

负梯度浅海条件下,吊放声纳主动工作时混响呈现"峰"现象,且随吊放声纳深度变化。为此,建立浅海混响模型,采用Bellhop模型计算吊放声纳与海底散射元之间的传播,并依据Jackson模型推导海底反向散射强度的计算方法。结合海底散射面积的估算与吊放声纳主动工作满足小掠射角的特点,对浅海混响进行了仿真和分析。     

载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题研究进展

通过归纳一般物体入水冲击问题解析法和数值法的种类和发展,对载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题进行了应用研究;重点对国内外工程上进行的返回舱着水实验进行了整理,并根据实验舱体的复杂程度将其分为模型实验和样机实验两类,指出分别使用刚性缩比模型、弹性缩比模型和样机进行着水实验时,成本、实验周期及其结果数据丰富程度递增的特点,指出了需要注意的弹性近似准确性和样机在不同实验工况下的适应性改造问题：同时对近年来研究较多的返回舱着水冲击问题的仿真分析方法进行了总结对比,讨论了其适用于任意舱体外形、任意姿态着水问题分析以及能够获得全过程详细动力学特性的优势。     

摇摆对水平管内单相水阻力特性的影响分析

对摇摆状态下25mm和34.5mm管径水平管内单相水阻力特性进行了实验研究,通过实验发现,摇摆状态下单相水摩擦压降有明显的周期性,并与摇摆周期相同。雷诺数降低、摇摆振幅增加以及管径增加都会使摩擦压降增加。通过对摇摆周期、摇摆幅度、雷诺数和管径等影响因素的分析,给出了摇摆状态下单相水摩擦系数的计算公式。计算结果表明,得到的摩擦压降满足摇摆条件周期波动的特点,计算结果与实验结果符合较好。     

四氧化二氮毒气浓度监测仪的研制

介绍了四氧化二氮毒气浓度监测仪的设计思路和组成结构.通过采用先进的软件设计思想与技术,解决了几个关键问题,成功地研制出了具有声光报警功能的高性能四氧化二氮毒气浓度监测仪.     

Neural network development for the forecasting of upper atmosphere parameter distributions

This paper presents a neural network modeling approach to forecast electron concentration distributions in the 150–600 km altitude range above Arecibo, Puerto Rico. The neural network was trained using incoherent scatter radar data collected at the Arecibo Observatory during the past two decades, as well as the Kp geomagnetic index provided by the National Space Science Data Center. The data set covered nearly two solar cycles, allowing the neural network to model daily, seasonal, and solar cycle variations of upper atmospheric parameter distributions. Two types of neural network architectures, feedforward and Elman recurrent, are used in this study. Topics discussed include the network design, training strategy, data analysis, as well as preliminary testing results of the networks on electron concentration distributions.     

Estimation of vertically integrated water vapor in Hungary using MODIS imagery

Information about the amount and spatial structure of atmospheric water vapor is essential in understanding meteorology and the Earth environment. Space-borne remote sensing offers a relatively inexpensive method to estimate atmospheric water vapor in the form of integrated water vapor (IWV). The research activity reported in the present paper is based on the data acquired by the HRPT/MODIS (High Resolution Picture Transmission, MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) receiving station established in Budapest (Hungary) by the Space Research Group of the Eötvös Loránd University. Integrated water vapor is estimated by the remotely sensed data of the MODIS instrument with different methods and also by the operational numerical weather prediction model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Radiosonde data are used to evaluate the accuracy of the different IWV fields though it has been pointed out that the in situ data also suffers from uncertainties. It was found that both the MODIS and the ECMWF based fields are of good accuracy. The satellite data represent finer scale spatial structures while the ECMWF data have a relatively poor spatial resolution. The high quality IWV fields have proved to be useful for radiative transfer studies such as the atmospheric correction of other satellite data from times different than the overpass times of satellites Terra/Aqua and the forecast times of the model data. For this purpose the temporal variability of IWV is scrutinized both using ECMWF and MODIS data. Taking advantage of Terra and Aqua overpasses, the mean rate of change of IWV estimated by the near infrared method was found to be 0.47 ± 0.45 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, while it was 0.13 ± 0.65 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ based on the infrared method. The numerical weather prediction model’s analysis data estimated −0.01 ± 0.13 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ for the mean growth rate, while using forecast data it was 0.24 ± 0.18 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. MODIS data should be used when available for the estimation of the IWV in other studies. If no satellite data are available, or available data are only from one overpass, ECMWF based IWV can be used. In this case the analysis fields (or the satellite field) should be used for temporal extrapolation but the rate of change should be calculated from the forecast data due to its higher temporal resolution.     

利用二、三维嵌套技术数值模拟复杂边界下的流场

通过数值模拟复杂几何区域和边界条件下二、三维嵌套紊流模型,获得了计算区域内任意一点的流场信息。这一方法克服了常规的单纯模拟二维或三维紊流控制方程组而无法获得准确的自由表面和三维紊流场的缺点,通过两者有机的结合,并采用动边界处理等先进的计算技术,得出了精度更高、更为合理的紊流场。该方法曾被用于三峡工程大江截流完成之后导流明渠通航的流场模拟中,计算结果合理可信,部分成果的精度也已得到了实测资料的验证,成果为导流明渠通航路线的选择提供了依据     

回转体流噪声相似律的实验研究

介绍了回转体流噪声实验的方法,并对实验测得的回转体流噪声声功率谱的谱特性进行了分析。测量结果表明:在高频段,回转体流噪声声功率谱按6dB/ 倍频程衰减;且其声功率谱与流速的7 次方成正比。基于本实验,验证了回转体流噪声相似律理论     

火电厂除盐水系统优化的探索与应用

针对火电厂除盐水处理系统原设计中存在的问题,进行了系统的优化,取得了好的经济效益。