The effects of CO2 on growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus) in hypobaria

Plants grown on long-term space missions will likely be grown in low pressure environments (i.e., hypobaria). However, in hypobaria the transpiration rates of plants can increase and may result in wilting if the water is not readily replaced. It is possible to reduce transpiration by increasing the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), but the effects of pCO₂ at high levels (>120 Pa) on the growth and transpiration of plants in hypobaria are not known. Therefore, the effects of pCO₂ on the growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus var. Cherry Bomb II) in hypobaria were studied. The fresh weight (FW), leaf area, dry weight (DW), CO₂ assimilation rates (C_A), dark respiration rates (DR), and transpiration rates from 26 day-old radish plants that were grown for an additional seven days at different total pressures (33, 66 or 101 kPa) and pCO₂ (40 Pa, 100 Pa and 180 Pa) were measured. In general, the dry weight of plants increased with CO₂ enrichment and with lower total pressure. In limiting pCO₂ (40 Pa) conditions, the transpiration for plants grown at 33 kPa was approximately twice that of controls (101 kPa total pressure with 40 Pa pCO₂). Increasing the pCO₂ from 40 Pa to 180 Pa reduced the transpiration rates for plants grown in hypobaria and in standard atmospheric pressures. However, for plants grown in hypobaria and high pCO₂ (180 Pa) leaf damage was evident. Radish growth can be enhanced and transpiration reduced in hypobaria by enriching the gas phase with CO₂ although at high levels leaf damage may occur.     

天然气绕三角翼旋流的水洞实验研究

天然气绕三角翼产生旋流,使天然气中的游离水滴甩出,附着在管道内壁上,在气流的牵引下沿管道内壁向下游流动,实现了气水分离的目的.通过水洞实验,利用染色液流动显示技术,探讨了流体绕三角翼后产生旋流的可行性.同时,基于均匀设计思想对三角翼的前缘后掠角、后缘后掠角和迎角等几何参数分别做了5个水平的实验研究,均证实了天然气绕三角翼后产生旋流的可靠性,为该技术的应用奠定了基础.     

水喷雾灭火系统设计及其发展

本文简述了水喷雾灭火系统的系统组成,应用范围和设计要求,并就水喷雾灭火系统代替卤代烷灭火系统的技术性问题进行了探讨。     

进气道蒙皮裂纹改进设计

飞机进气道的蒙皮裂纹和掉钉一直是影响飞机完好率和出勤率的重要因素之一。文中依据进气道裂纹普查结果,从设计及工艺制造2方面对进气道裂纹原因进行全面分析,并根据分析结果,对新制飞机进气道进行设计改进,从设计源头上遏制进气道裂纹及掉钉的产生,同时,工艺方法也进行了改善,进气道裂纹及掉钉大幅减少。     

Determining the precipitable water vapor thresholds under different rainfall strengths in Taiwan

Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) plays an important role for weather forecasting. It is helpful in evaluating the changes of the weather system via observing the distribution of water vapor. The ability of calculating PWV from Global Positioning System (GPS) signals is useful to understand the special weather phenomenon. In this study, 95 ground-based GPS and rainfall stations in Taiwan were utilized from 2006 to 2012 to analyze the relationship between PWV and rainfall. The PWV data were classified into four classes (no, light, moderate and heavy rainfall), and the vertical gradients of the PWV were obtained and the variations of the PWV were analyzed. The results indicated that as the GPS elevation increased every 100?m, the PWV values decreased by 9.5?mm, 11.0?mm, 12.2?mm and 12.3?mm during the no, light, moderate and heavy rainfall conditions, respectively. After applying correction using the vertical gradients mentioned above, the average PWV thresholds were 41.8?mm, 52.9?mm, 62.5?mm and 64.4?mm under the no, light, moderate and heavy rainfall conditions, respectively. This study offers another type of empirical threshold to assist the rainfall prediction and can be used to distinguish the rainfall features between different areas in Taiwan.     

水/金属燃料发动机水滴蒸发非傅里叶效应研究

水／金属燃料发动机单液滴蒸发拟选用表面模型假设,为了验证此假设的正确性,采用了修正的傅立叶定律,并分析了其物理意义及适用范围。通过试验验证及分析计算,从理论上证明,表面模型假设适用于水／金属燃料发动机水滴内部的输运过程。     

民用运输机积水跑道附加阻力计算评估方法

飞机在污染跑道上起降时,污染物产生的附加阻力对飞机的起降性能有很大影响。分析了积水跑道上附加阻力的形成机理,研究了附加阻力的计算评估方法。算例分析表明,该方法的计算结果规律正确、量级合理,达到了工程应用要求。     

航空发动机整体叶盘磨料水射流开坯加工技术研究进展

整体叶盘结构是航空发动机技术发展的一个重要方向，且多采用难加工材料，如何实现整体叶盘高质高效加工是机械制造领域亟待解决的难题之一。通过高压磨料水射流（AWJ）加工技术实现整体叶盘毛坯的开坯粗加工，是一种有效缩短整体叶盘加工周期、降低昂贵铣削刀具成本、提高开坯效率的工艺手段。本文就磨料水射流加工材料去除机理、复杂曲面轨迹优化、多物理量和机械量参数组合优化和整体叶盘开坯设备概述了国内外的研究现状，在此基础上，针对当前具有复杂曲面结构的整体叶盘开坯面临的关键问题，提出了若干解决思路和技术途径，指出了高压磨料水射流在复杂曲面零件高效加工中的发展趋势。     

三维机翼结冰模拟

针对机翼结冰问题,利用欧拉法求解空气水滴两相流流场,通过Fluent软件用户自定义函数功能编程求解三维机翼表面水滴局部收集系数以及结冰情况.在计算中.将水溢流方向沿机翼弦向和展向分解,以此对Messinger结冰热力学模型进行改进,使之更符合三维情况,并在此基础上进行三维传质传热分析;修正传统的二维表面对流换热系数求解...     

超声速高温冲击射流注水流场实验研究

为了降低发动机羽流冲击流场的温度,减弱其对发射装置的冲击和烧蚀作用,对超声速高温冲击射流的注水流场开展了实验研究。通过高速摄影和红外热像仪两种非接触式测量设备对无注水和注水两种状态下的冲击流场进行了对比拍摄,并且使用热电偶对底板冲击区的温度进行了测量。对注水两相冲击流场的结构和温度场分布进行了深入分析和研究,并与无注水状态下流场进行对比,得出了通过注水方式可以减少核心区长度和面积,降低迎气面温度,减弱其热冲击烧蚀效应的结论。