Effect of surface roughness on microwave brightness temperature from lunar surface: Numerical analysis with a hybrid method

A hybrid method, combining the radiative transfer theory and the method of moments (MoM), is proposed to study the potential effect of the lunar surface roughness on the microwave brightness temperature. The total upward emission reaching the lunar surface from below media is calculated by the radiative transfer theory, and then the brightness temperature is obtained by weighting the bidirectional transmission coefficients which is computed using the MoM. The method is validated by both flat and rough surface models with analytic solutions. With the hybrid method, brightness temperatures from simulated lunar model are calculated and compared to those from a flat layered model. The comparisons show that the effect of rough surface on brightness temperature cannot be ignored and also depends on many other factors, such as observation angle and polarizations. For vertical polarization, an optimal observation angle may exist to reduce the effect of surface roughness. These results indicate that the knowledge of lunar surface roughness is important in microwave remote sensing to the Moon and may probably provide a guide to lunar projects in future.     

复合材料钻削刀具状态集成学习分类技术

刀具状态监测关系到工件加工质量,因此实时掌握刀具的磨损状态具有重要的意义。针对单一模式识别分类器的局限性,提出了基于异态集成学习模型的刀具状态监测系统。在该系统中,根据集成学习基分类器选择原则,选取了支持向量机(SVM)、隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)以及径向基神经网络(RBF)这3个单分类器作为基分类器。为了验证监测系统的有效性,进行了复合材料钻削实验,提取了加工过程中的钻削力信号、振动信号的时域特征并利用局部保持法(LPP)进行了特征选择。通过与单分类器和集成学习分类效果的对比,表明了集成学习模型相比于单一基分类器具有更高的分类精度和更好的稳定性。     

切削加工优化研究

本文通过切削加工机理的研究，建立了切削加工的数学模型，为难加工材料切削用量的选择提供了科学的方法。     

基于数据挖掘的航空发动机状态参数离群点分析

利用机载数据采集系统和传感器获得的发动机状态参数往往存在粗大误差，影响故障诊断的准确性。采用数据挖掘算法中基于统计学的离群点分析，并与厂家系统的分析结果相比较，结果表明，该方法能够有效地剔除粗大误差且不会误删有用数据。     

High-efficiency aircraft antiskid brake control algorithm via runway condition identification based on an on-off valve array

The aircraft antiskid braking system is an important hydraulic system for preventing tire bursts and ensuring safe take-off and landing. The brake system adjusts the force applied on the brake discs by controlling the brake pressure. Traditional aircraft antiskid braking systems achieve antiskid performance by controlling the braking pressure with an electrohydraulic servo valve. Because the pilot stage of an electrohydraulic servo valve is easily blocked by carbonized hydraulic oil, the servo valve would become a dangerous weak point for aircraft safety. This paper proposes a new approach that uses an on-off valve array to replace the servo valve for pressure control. Based on this new pressure control component, an efficient antiskid control algorithm that can utilize this discontinuous feature is proposed. Furthermore, the algorithm has the ability to identify the runway circumstances. To overcome the discontinuity in the process of using an on-off valve array, the Filippov framework is introduced. The conditions of convergence of the system are also discussed. The results of the digital simulations and the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) braking experiments are used to verify the efficiency and stability of the proposed control algorithm. The method also proves that the on-off valve array can replace the servo valve perfectly as a new type of antiskid braking pressure control component.     

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System (BMCS) are studied from climatic data, “Marathon Exp. Leg.8, 1984” data, and Sea surface temperature (SST) data base “ds277-Reynolds” (1981–2000). The South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) is divided in two main types: tropical (TW) and subtropical water (ST). Water masses, Fronts, Inter-Frontal and Frontal Zones are analysed and classified: (a) the water masses: Tropical Low-Salinity Water, Tropical Surface Water, Tropical Tropospheric Water, Subtropical Low-Salinity Water, Subtropical Surface Water, Subtropical Tropospheric Water. T,S characteristics of intermediate, deep and bottom water defined by different authors are confirmed and completed; (b) the Inter-Frontal Zones: Tropical/Brazil Current Zone, Subtropical Zone and Subantarctic Zone; (c) the Frontal Zones: Subtropical, Subantarctic and Polar, and (d) the Fronts: Subtropical Front of the Brazil Current, Principal Subtropical Front, North Subtropical Front, Subtropical Surface Front, South Subtropical Front, Subantarctic Surface Front, Subantarctic Front and Polar Front. Several stable T–S relationships are found below the friction layer and at the Fronts. The maximum gradient of the oceanographic characteristics occurs at the Brazil Current Front, which can be any of the subtropical Fronts, depending on season. Minimum mean depth of the pycnocline coincides with the Fronts of the BMCS, indicating the paths of low-salinity shelf waters into the open ocean. In the work it is shown how to recover the horizontal and vertical thermohaline structure of waters from satellite data RSMAS SST.     

基于状态的机械附件维修策略

基于状态开展修理，降低故障发生率和维修成本，是航空装备修理发展方向。以外场故障和大修故检信息统计、分析为基础，研究装备损伤规律，按基于状态修理思想，结合可靠性为中心的修理决策方法，初步探索了适应现有装备条件的基于状态维修方法的应用策略。     

非定常风洞洞壁干扰研究

在1m口径圆形截面低速风洞中用一组大小不同外形相似的前缘后掠角为70°的三角翼模型,测量了模型作俯仰运动时的上表面的动态压力分布,研究了洞壁对模型表面动态压力分布的影响.在3m×2.5m矩形截面低速风洞中,用另一组外形相似的前缘后掠角为70°的三角翼模型进行非定常测力试验,并测定了洞壁上有限测压点的动态压力,研究了模型大小对非定常壁压的影响和洞壁对模型非定常法向力系数的影响,并用混合法对大模型的非定常法向力进行了洞壁干扰修正,大模型的法向力系数修正结果与小模型的法向力系数基本一致.     

加强农民工社会保障建设的对策

改革开放以来,农民工为国家的城市化、工业化、现代化、社会经济的发展与繁荣作出了突出贡献,但是农民工并没有同城市居民一样分享经济发展的成果,农民工社会保障处于缺失状态。随着农民工数量的增多,农民工社会保障缺失问题引起了社会的广泛关注,成了政府、社会亟待解决的问题。文章主要分析了农民工社会保障现状及缺失的原因,并为加强农民工社会保障建设提出了一些政策建议。     

温度畸变发生器研制

介绍了航空发动机温度畸变试验装置的工作原理、设计技术要求、主要设备以及用涡喷和涡扇发动机调试和对比试验的结果。调试结果证明：该装置具有高的工作可靠性、可控性和稳定性,高温区平均温升值可达10－400K,绝对温升率可达300－5500K/s,可用于空气流量为30－150kg/s各类燃气涡轮发动机的温度畸变试验。