防风工程对风特性及铁道车辆横风气动特性的影响

本文以现场实测和风洞及水槽模拟实验结果为依据,论述了不同类型不同高度的挡风墙及铁路路堤对大风特性和车辆横风气动特性的诸多影响。     

不同温度下树脂基复合材料层合板力学性能试验

通过试验的方法研究了双马来酰亚胺树脂浇注体及碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料单向层合板在不同温度下的静态力学性能,并讨论了温度对材料力学行为的影响,最后对材料断口形貌进行了分析.试验结果表明:纯树脂浇注体拉伸、压缩性能受温度影响比较明显,且拉、压性能不同.对于拉伸性能,相对室温均值(20℃),160℃环境下模量均值及强度均值降幅分别为31.73%,44.71%,200℃时又分别下降了21.15%,20.37%;对于压缩性能,相对室温均值,160℃下模量及强度均值分别下降了26.67%,44.40%,而200℃时继续下降了6.66%,12.40%.层合板的纵向拉伸性能受温度影响较小,在200℃内,纵向模量与强度最大变幅分别为2.82%和2.53%,且材料断口从室温下的"毛刷"状变为了沿轴向劈断.材料的横向及面内剪切性能受温度影响较大,且应力-应变曲线存在明显非线性,但横向试件断口平整、面内剪切试件无明显紧缩现象,即均表现为脆性断裂特征.另外,相对室温均值,在160℃时,横向及面内切变模量分别下降约32.96%,41.25%,强度分别下降约15.83%,30.96%;在200℃时,横向及面内剪切性能继续下降,模量降幅为16.83%,22.52%,强度降幅12.24%,11.01%.      

Cutting tool temperature prediction method using analytical model for end milling

Dramatic tool temperature variation in end milling can cause excessive tool wear and shorten its life, especially in machining of difficult-to-machine materials. In this study, a new analyt-ical model-based method for the prediction of cutting tool temperature in end milling is presented. The cutting cycle is divided into temperature increase and decrease phases. For the temperature increase phase, a temperature prediction model considering real friction state between the chip and tool is proposed, and the heat flux and tool-chip contact length are then obtained through finite element simulation. In the temperature decrease phase, a temperature decrease model based on the one-dimension plate heat convection is proposed. A single wire thermocouple is employed to mea-sure the tool temperature in the conducted milling experiments. Both of the theoretical and experi-mental results are obtained with cutting conditions of the cutting speed ranging from 60 m/min to 100 m/min, feed per tooth from 0.12 mm/z to 0.20 mm/z, and the radial and axial depth of cut respec-tively being 4 mm and 0.5 mm. The comparison results show high agreement between the physical cutting experiments and the proposed cutting tool temperature prediction method.     

Plastic wrinkling model and characteristics of shear enforced Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints and differential temperature fields

Plastic wrinkling predictions and shear enforced wrinkling characteristics of Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints have become key problems urgently in need of solutions in order to improve forming quality in their shear bending processes under differential temperature fields. To address this, a wrinkling wave function was developed by considering their shear bend deformation characteristics. Based on this wave function and the thin shell theory, an energy prediction model for this type of wrinkling was established. This model enables considera-tion of the effects of shear deformation zone ranges, material parameters, loading modes, and fric-tion coefficients between tube and dies on the minimum wrinkling energy. Tube wrinkling sensitive zones (WSZs) can be revealed by combining this wrinkling prediction model with a thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model for simulating these bending processes. The reliability of this wrinkling prediction model was verified, and an investigation into the tube wrinkling char-acteristics was carried out based on the experimental conditions. This found that the WSZs are located on either a single side or both sides of the maximum shear stress zone. When the friction coefficients between the tube and the various dies coincide, the WSZs are located on both sides. The larger the value of the tube inner corner radius and/or the smaller the value of the outer corner radius, the smaller the wrinkling probability. With an increase in the value of the moving die dis-placement, the wrinkling probability increases at first, and then decreases.     

航空发动机钛火试验技术研究新进展

钛火是现代航空发动机典型的灾难性故障.针对高推重比发动机对钛火试验技术的迫切需求,系统开展了摩擦氧浓度法钛合金燃烧技术及理论研究,建立了阻燃性能评价方法和摩擦着火模型,阐明了阻燃钛合金的阻燃机理.在总结近期研究进展基础上,从钛火的演化规律、机理和防控三个层次,提出钛火试验技术及应用研究的思路和方向,即接近发动机气流环境的阻燃性能综合评价、发动机气流环境的阻燃性能预测模型和阻燃技术的试验验证.未来实现发动机钛火防控体系的科学构建,助推压气机“全钛化”和发动机推重比不断提高.     

浅析飞机烤箱冒烟原因及解决方案

以 B/E 厂家的431系列烤箱为例,分析深航机队中无水型烤箱冒烟的情况,结合一起典型事件通过电路分析确定烤箱冒烟的技术性成因,并提出了相应的解决方案。     

光纤陀螺温度建模与补偿方法分析

通过光纤陀螺温度试验,分析了光纤陀螺的温度特性;理论上阐述了各项温度因素对光纤陀螺零偏的影响,并采用逐步回归分析的方法建立光纤陀螺零偏的温度数学模型。通过试验验证,采用该模型对光纤陀螺进行温度漂移的补偿,可以有效提高光纤陀螺的测量精度。     

某型号激光陀螺温度补偿技术的应用研究

温度是影响激光陀螺输出漂移的主要因素之一.在高精度的激光捷联惯导系统中,建立激光陀螺的温度误差模型具有十分重要的意义.在大量实验的基础上,研究了激光陀螺在不同环境温度下的漂移特性,提出了一种将静态温度模型与动态温度模型分开建模的方法.环境适应性实验验证该方法建立的温度补偿模型对于缓变温度环境与快速温变环境均适用.最后通过实际导航实验验证了该模型具有工程实用性.     

气氮调温器Y型喷嘴实验及数值研究

基于FLUENT软件离散相模型及气体助力雾化模型,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法研究通过Y型喷嘴雾化液氮的雾化特性.由于液氮液滴的蒸发相变,与水相比喷雾锥角更清晰且明显减小,约为10°,喷雾距离缩短.分析喷嘴气液工作压力对液氮雾化索太尔平均直径（SMD）、液滴体积分数和数量分数的影响.结果表明：SMD沿喷射方向变化幅度极小;SMD主要受气相速度及气液比影响,气压低时气相速度影响较大,气压高时气液比影响较大;由于相变作用,液氮雾化粒径分布更为集中.数值研究Y型喷嘴用于不同流量需求的气氮调温器的调温效果,出口温度低于98K,进出口温差达到12K,且整个出口温差在±1K以内,能够实现精确控温要求.     

拉瓦尔型微喷管性能的DSMC模拟

运用DSMC方法,对轴对称拉瓦尔型微喷管流动现象进行了仿真模拟,分析了不同壁面边界条件对喷管流动性能的影响。研究结果表明,不同的壁面反射模型对喷管内的流场结构及推力有较大影响;在同等壁面热条件下,随着动量调节系数的增加,喷管粘性损失增大,喷管的推力和比冲都将下降;对不同光滑度与清洁度的喷管表面,一概采用完全漫反射模型,将低估喷管推力性能。