SST-DES在小分离流动数值模拟中的改进

在基于剪切应力运输（SST,Shear Stress Transport）分离涡模拟（DES,Detached Eddy Simulation）应对小分离流动的数值模拟中,上游雷诺平均方法（RANS,Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes）区域内较大的涡黏性通过对流扩散方程传递到下游大涡模拟方法（LES,Large Eddy Simulation）区域,导致自由剪切层解析湍流解迟迟得不到发展,剪切层失稳延后,出现强烈的灰区效应。为此将SST-DES中体现LES求解的类亚格子模式重新构造成标准k方程亚格子模式,防止多变量在RANS和LES交界面处对湍流黏性系数的混合影响,最终得到了一种改进的SST-DES方法。采用该方法对AS239翼型小分离数值模拟并与DES和延迟分离涡模拟（DDES,Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation）结果进行对比,可以看出该方法在壁面边界层保留了SST-DDES特性的同时,在尾迹区大大提高了LES的可解能力,显著降低了灰区的影响。     

运输类飞机阵风载荷与机动载荷识别算法

针对运输类飞机的飞行特点,基于姿态角和相关重心过载参数变化,提出了运输类飞机的阵风与机动载荷识别算法。利用Matlab进行算法编程,通过实测载荷数据实例,验证了该算法的有效性,为新机结构可靠性设计和全尺寸疲劳试验提供了参考数据。     

SCPS-TP在卫星链路上的性能测试及改进策略

给出了在实际卫星链路环境中分别使用空间通信协议标准-传输协议（Space Com-munication Protocol Standard-Transport Protocol,SCPS-TP）、TCP Hybla协议和性能增强代理网关技术（PEPsal）的链路传输速率,并对结果进行了分析和比较,表明SCPS-TP协议在高丢包率、长传输时延的卫星链路中性能最优越;提出了一种基于SCPS-TP协议的空间网络传输层加速方法改进思路,通过增加新的更具针对性的改进型拥塞控制策略,克服其原有的保守型窗口增长模式的缺点以提高链路平均吞吐量。     

Effect of longitudinal lift distribution on sonic boom of a canard-wing-stabilator-body configuration

After the last flight of the Concorde in 2003, sonic boom has been one of the obstacles to the return of a supersonic transport aircraft to service. To reduce the sonic boom intensity to an acceptable level, it is of great significance to study the effect of lift distribution on far-field sonic boom, since lift is one of the most important contributors to an intense sonic boom. Existing studies on the longitudinal lift distribution used low-fidelity methods, such as Whitham theory, and in turn,o...     

温度垂直递减率对飞机尾涡影响的数值模拟

为了更深入精确地研究航空器尾涡演变规律，保障航空器安全运行，本文采用数值模拟方法对不同温度垂直递减率下A330-300飞机尾流的耗散规律进行了研究。数值模拟选择SST (Shear stress transport) k-ω湍流模型，通过构建5种不同温度垂直递减率下的温度场，并在温度场内编译A330-300飞机尾流场实现不同温度垂直递减率下的演化。通过数值模拟结果与雷达探测数据的对比验证了数值模拟方法可靠性。计算结果表明，一般湍流强度下，不同的温度垂直递减率主要作用于尾涡衰减阶段，通过改变尾涡内外温度影响尾涡演化。温度垂直递减率越小，尾涡衰减区环量减小得越快；温度垂直递减率越大，尾涡下沉的速率越大，快速耗散后的涡核间距越大。     

A three-equation transition model with mechanical considerations

A three-equation transition model based on the transition V-model is proposed for subsonic flows in this study. Considering the mechanical approximation of the generation process of the pre-transitional vorticities, the value of laminar Reynolds shear stress related to the mean shear deformation was calculated in the original transition V-model. Then a new transition model, named V-SA model, was proposed, which considered the phenomenological process of transition and presented great results for flows with and without pressure gradient. It is well-known that the baseline Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model shows excellent performance of accuracy and robustness in plentiful flow cases, but it is important to predict boundary layer transition. The current model (V-SST) successfully couples the V-model to the SST turbulence model by introducing the effective turbulent viscosity and additional correction terms into the transport equations. A thorough evaluation of its ability to predict transition features is performed versus the well-documented flat plate of ERCOFTAC, including T3A and T3B without pressure gradient, T3L2 and T3L3 with semi-circular leading edge, the three-dimensional 6:1 prolate-spheroid under two angles of attack, and the NLR-7301 airfoil under different Mach numbers. Numerical results show that the current model has an attractive and superior performance in the simulation of boundary layer transition processes     

单气泡上浮运动的层析PIV实验研究

为了揭示上浮过程中的尾流涡结构及其与气泡之间的相互作用，分别采用阴影图像法和层析PIV技术，对单个气泡在静止水中自由Z字型上浮的过程进行了实验研究，得到气泡的形状、运动和三维的尾流速度场。采用"λ" _"ci" 涡判据和有限时间李雅普诺夫指数（Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent，FTLE），从速度场识别出三维的尾流涡结构和二维的拉格朗日拟序结构。结果表明，Z字型上浮过程中，气泡周围环绕有涡环，涡环会沿运动路径脱落交替的、方向相反的发卡涡；单个发卡涡脱落过程中，涡环一侧的FTLE脊线会闭合形成拉格朗日涡。由此可得到结论，发卡涡的周期性脱落，使涡环相对于气泡的对称性被周期性交替破坏，导致气泡形成Z字型周期运动；单个发卡涡脱落过程中，涡环两侧各自对发卡涡的流体输运存在显著差异。     

多孔介质对圆柱-翼型干涉噪声的影响

采用LES（large eddy simulation）+FW-H（Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings）方程，研究了圆柱表面使用不同PPI（pore number per inch）和厚度的多孔介质对圆柱尾迹及圆柱-翼型干涉噪声的影响，探索了多孔介质的降噪规律和机理。结果表明：多孔介质能稳定圆柱表面的剪切层，抑制旋涡脱落，从而削弱尾迹对下游翼型的影响，圆柱单音噪声最大可降79 dB，翼型单音峰值降低13.22 dB，宽频噪声降低20 dB；多孔材料PPI的变化对降噪效果影响较小，而厚度是影响流场模态、降噪效果及气动性能的一个关键参数；多孔材料厚度合适时，圆柱-翼型流场形态为“剪切层模态”，可有效降低湍流干涉噪声；多孔材料厚度较小时，发现了一种流场形态，即“剪切层-尾迹模态”，导致翼型噪声增大；合适的多孔介质厚度不仅降噪效果显著，对圆柱-翼型的气动性能也有改善作用。     

Far-field sonic boom prediction considering atmospheric turbulence effects: An improved approach

Accurate prediction of sonic boom is one of key challenges for the design of a low-boom supersonic aircraft. For most of available far-field prediction methods, the effect of atmospheric turbulence appearing in the planetary boundary layer cannot be considered, which results in remarkable inaccuracy of predicting ground-level sonic boom waveform. Although some efforts have been made to overcome the shortcoming, the turbulence effects are not yet well described so far. This article proposes an improved method by extending the two-dimensional Heterogeneous One-Way Approximation for the Resolution of Diffraction (HOWARD) equation to account for the axial and transverse convections of wind fluctuation as well as the effect of temperature fluctuation. The proposed method is validated by comparing the predictions with the flight-test data of JAXA D-SEND#1 LBM, which shows that the result of the proposed method is in better agreement with the flight-test data than that of the method without considering atmospheric turbulence effects. Then, distortion mechanism of sonic boom waveforms caused by atmospheric turbulence is analyzed by using the proposed method. It is indicated that the effect of turbulent convection makes uniform sonic-boom wavefronts irregular, which creates the condition of diffraction effect to perturb waveforms. Finally, the proposed method is applied to investigate the behavior of two types of waveforms given by the sonic boom minimization theory. Results show that a far-field waveform with a weaker initial shock is more beneficial for low-boom design of a supersonic aircraft.