高速低温动静结合型机械密封结构优化及运转试验

在分析高速涡轮泵轴端非接触动静结合型机械密封所处的高速、低温、高压力、低黏度介质润滑等极端工况基础上,发展了考虑密封副固体、被密封流体、弹性补偿支撑单元等在内的热、流、固、力耦合的密封综合性能求解模型。基于此模型,完成了对处在低温、低黏度润滑介质下的机械密封运转性能的分析及关键结构参数的优化,优化的目标为密封承受载荷力W和泄漏量Q为最大及液膜产生的功耗（或温升）较小。以优化后的密封样件开展了低温液氮模拟介质运转试验,考察优化后密封在低温条件下的快速启动特性和摩擦特性。结果表明:低温高速工况下的密封外人字槽和内螺旋槽组合结构的槽数为30、槽深为3μm为一类优化结果,低温运转试验表明正常工作时端面摩擦因数为0.14。      

气固热耦合对微尺度气浮轴承微振动的影响

基于气体润滑理论和稀薄气体动力学,结合边界滑移和气固热耦合分析技术,研究考虑温度影响引起的气浮轴承气膜局部变形问题对气旋与微振动的影响。研究结果表明:气膜的最大形变量随温度升高呈线性增长;考虑热耦合的气旋移动速度要明显小于传统数值分析方法所得结果,且耦合条件下不同工作温度对气浮轴承微振动的影响也不相同;结合实验可得,随温度的升高,微振动强度逐渐降低,但温度升高并不改变其固有频率;不同气体环境影响着气旋的移动速度和微振动强度,其中分子数大小起主要影响作用。实际工作过程中应充分考虑环境因素带来的影响以减小微振动。      

基于气弹耦合的旋翼桨涡干扰噪声预测方法

建立了基于气动/弹性耦合的旋翼桨涡干扰（BVI）气动和噪声分析方法。气动模型包括修正Beddoes尾迹模型和CFD模型,噪声计算采用基于声学类比法推导出的FW H（Ffowcs Williams Hawkings）方程,弹性桨叶动力学建模采用有限元方法。应用所建立的方法,对刚性的OLS（operational load survey）旋翼桨涡干扰状态的气动和噪声特性进行了计算,对比了两种气动模型在研究桨涡干扰问题的有效性;以弹性的HART Ⅱ旋翼为研究对象,分析了桨叶弹性、时间步长对桨涡干扰气动载荷和噪声的影响。结果表明:进行桨涡干扰计算时所采用的时间步长不宜超过2°。CFD方法由于固有的数值耗散,计算出的OLS旋翼噪声声压峰值仅为试验值的60%,而修正Beddoes尾迹模型能够避免数值耗散,且具有高效率的优势。考虑桨叶气动弹性能够提高旋翼桨涡干扰噪声的预测精度。      

2099铝锂合金型材热压下陷模具结构优选

2099铝锂合金型材热压下陷成形在飞机零件制造中应用广泛,下陷成形时容易出现温度分布不均、型材上表面回弹不一致以及裂纹等缺陷,模具结构对其下陷零件的质量具有较大影响.通过热力耦合有限元数值模拟预测2099铝锂合金型材热压下陷成形过程,分析上述缺陷产生的原因,对模具加热结构、测压块和固定下模进行优选.有限元数值模拟和试验结果表明,优选后的模具能够较好地消除或缓解上述缺陷,提高了下陷零件的质量.     

Nonlinear modal electromechanical coupling factor for piezoelectric structures containing nonlinearities

Within the linear framework, the Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (MEMCF) is an important indicator to quantify the dynamic conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy of piezoelectric structures. It is also an important tool to guide the piezoelectric damping design of linear structures. Advanced aircraft often fly in maneuvers, and the variable working conditions induce drastic changes in the load level on structures. Geometric and contact nonlinearities of thin-walled structures and joint structures are often activated. To achieve a good vibration reduction effect covering all working conditions, one cannot directly use linear electromechanical coupling theory to instruct the piezoelectric damping design for nonlinear structures. Therefore, this paper defines the Nonlinear Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (NMEMCF) and proposes the corresponding numerical method for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the electromechanical coupling capability of nonlinear piezoelectric structures. Three candidate definitions of the NMEMCF are given, including two frequency definitions and one energy definition. The energy definition is the most promising one. It is not only applicable to both conservative and dissipative nonlinear structures but also compatible with the linear MEMCF. In addition, based on the energy formula, the NMEMCF can be obtained by only performing one nonlinear modal analysis in the open-circuit state. The analytical findings and the numerical tool are validated against two piezoelectric structures with different types of nonlinearities. A strong correlation among the NMEMCF, geometric parameters, and energy dissipation is observed. The results confirm that the proposed NMEMCF captures the physics of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon associated with nonlinear piezoelectric structures and can be used as an essential design indicator of piezoelectric damping, especially for variable working conditions.     

碘工质霍尔推力器内部过程数值模拟

随着霍尔推力器的大力发展，碘工质霍尔推力器越来越受到研究人员的重视。深入了解碘工质霍尔推力器放电室内部过程，为优化推力器性能和拓展空间应用提供依据。建立了二维PIC/DSMC/MCC混合方法模型，结合鞘层和二次电子发射模型，根据碘工质特性，加入解离-电离过程，在定壁温条件下，针对200 W碘工质霍尔推力器放电室内部过程开展了数值模拟，考察其放电室内等离子体的多场耦合特性以及与壁面的相互作用过程。研究其放电通道内部的等离子体行为，分析放电室内的等离子体参数，获取其离子数密度、离子轴向运动速度、电子温度等特征参数，将模拟结果和氙工质进行比较。结果表明:相较于氙工质，碘工质霍尔推力器存在解离区，宽度约为2 mm，位于近阳极区之后、电离区之前。     

基于MEMS工艺的爆炸箔芯片与高压开关研究现状

爆炸箔起爆器作为新型高安全性和高可靠性火工品,可广泛应用于武器系统的点火起爆、飞行器以及航天器的作动分离等诸多技术领域。从火工品的集成化、小型化以及低成本的发展趋势出发,介绍了南京理工大学微纳含能器件工信部重点实验室基于薄膜集成工艺、低温共烧陶瓷工艺以及印制电路板工艺开展的关于MEMS爆炸箔芯片和高压开关的研究现状。从设计、制备、发火性能、成本等方面分析和对比了各自的特点。最后介绍了爆炸箔芯片在超压起爆以及爆电耦合等新技术领域的研究进展。     

基于空基平台的激光通信技术研究和展望

深低温阀门多为常温设计，低温服役。宽温域引起的结构变形将诱发阀门导向卡滞、密封泄漏等安全问题。采用有限元分析方法获取阀门导向副配合部位变形量，提出迭代镜像补偿方法解决深低温服役的阀门导向副变形超差问题。经分析，在深低温工况下阀门配合间隙均超出设计允许值，导向行程最大时配合间隙减小17.95%至16.41 μm；补偿后导向副配合间隙变形量控制在1 μm内，满足深低温工况下阀门形状设计要求，验证了迭代镜像补偿方法的有效性。     

系留翼伞刚柔混合模型控制方法探索研究

系留翼伞可借助风力长期滞空，相比系留无人机具有抗风能力强、载荷重量大、电能消耗低、侦察视距远等优点，由于系留翼伞具有刚柔耦合特性，控制系统设计难度高，目前还缺乏有效的控制模型，技术上还不够成熟，制约了新型滞空飞行平台的应用。从系留翼伞刚柔耦合动力学建模、系留翼伞非定常气动力建模、系留翼伞刚柔混合状态空间建模、系留翼伞刚柔混合控制技术实现等四个方面探索了基于刚柔混合模型的系留翼伞控制方法，并验证了该方法的有效性。     

Experimental research on aero-propulsion coupling characteristics of a distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft use multiple electric motors to drive the propulsors, which gives potential benefits to aerodynamic-propulsion interaction. To investigate and quantify the aerodynamic-propulsion interaction effect of the wing section, we built a DEP demonstrator with 24 “high-lift” Electric Ducted Fans (EDFs) distributed along the wing’s trailing edge. This paper explores and compares the aero-propulsion coupling characteristics under various upstream speed, throttle, and EDF mounting surface deflection angles using a series of wind tunnel tests. We compare various lift-augmentation power conditions to the clean configuration without propulsion unit under the experiment condition of 15–25 m/s freestream flow and angles of attack from ?4° to 16°. The comparison of computational results to the experimental results verifies the effectiveness of the computational fluid dynamic analysis method and the modeling method for the DEP configuration. The results show that the EDFs can produce significant lift increment and drag reduction simultaneously, which is accordant with the potential benefit of Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) at low airspeed.