Plastic wrinkling prediction in thin-walled part forming process:A review

The precision forming of thin-walled components has been urgently needed in aviation and aerospace field. However, the wrinkling induced by the compressive instability is one of the major defects in thin-walled part forming. The initiation and growth of the wrinkles are interac-tively affected by many factors such as stress states, mechanical properties of the material, geometry of the workpiece and boundary conditions. Especially when the forming process involves compli-cated boundary conditions such as multi-dies constrains, the perturbation of clearances between workpiece and dies and the contact conditions changing in time and space, etc., the predication of the wrinkling is further complicated. In this paper, the current prediction methods were summa-rized including the static equilibrium method, the energy method, the initial imperfection method, the eigenvalue buckling analysis method, the static-implicit finite element method and the dynamic-explicit finite element method. Then, a systematical comparison and summary of these methods in terms of their advantages and limitations are presented. By using a combination of explicit FE method, initial imperfection and energy conservation, a hybrid method is recommended to predict plastic wrinkling in thin-walled part forming. Finally, considering the urgent requirements of com-plex thin-walled structures’ part in aviation and aerospace field, the trends and challenges in wrin-kling prediction under complicated boundary conditions are presented.     

Dynamic modeling and analysis of vortex filament motion using a novel curve-fitting method

Applications of a novel curve-fitting technique are presented to efficiently predict the motion of the vortex filament, which is trailed from a rigid body such as wings and rotors. The governing equations of the motion, when a Lagrangian approach with the present curve-fitting method is applied, can be transformed into an easily solvable form of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The applicability of Be′zier curves, B-spline, and Lagrange interpolating polynomials is investigated. Local Lagrange interpolating polynomials with a shift operator are proposed as the best selection for applications, since it provides superior system characteristics with minimum computing time, compared to other methods. In addition, the Gauss quadrature formula with local refinement strategy has been developed for an accurate prediction of the induced velocity computed with the line integration of the Biot–Savart law. Rotary-wing problems including a vortex ring problem are analyzed to show the efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility in the applications of the proposed method.     

高超声速飞行器跨流域气动力／热预测技术研究

分析了跨流域流动特点、工程背景需求、国内外研究现状,针对高超声速飞行器跨流域气动力／热预测存在的主要问题,从粘性干扰参数与克努森数搭接的跨流域模拟准则、微量天平结构优化及测力技术、红外大面积中低量值热流测量技术、流场显示与测量技术和 N-S／DSMC 自适应紧耦合数值模拟方法等方面,总结了近年来取得的研究进展,并讨论了下一步研究方向。     

1种发动机自适应模型的修正方法

为解决由于工艺落后和性能衰退所导致的发动机模型与实际发动机失配的问题,从而达到视情维修的目的,建立了1种基于遗传算法的自适应模型修正方法.利用遗传算法高效率的全局搜索能力,以发动机性能参数为目标,优化部件参数,实现了模型的修正,并通过分析发动机性能参数对部件参数的敏感性,研究了选取不同组合的待修正部件参数对模型修正精度的影响.结果表明:采用该修正方法所建立的发动机模型准确性高、鲁棒性强,且具有良好的通用性,为发动机的健康管理和故障诊断提供了重要依据,具有很好的军事和工程应用价值.     

尾缘锯齿降低叶栅噪声的数值模拟

采用大涡模拟与声类比的方法研究了尾缘锯齿对涡轮叶栅噪声的影响.设计了两种不同的尾缘锯齿,对比了Re=3.3×105(基于叶片弦长与叶栅出口速度)下两种不同结构锯齿尾缘叶栅与直尾缘叶栅的声功率.结果表明:尾缘锯齿可以降低叶片吸力面边界层分离噪声约5dB,降低尾缘涡脱落噪声约10dB.进一步的研究表明,尾缘锯齿可以降低叶片尾缘附近表面的压力脉动幅值约50%,将展向相关尺度较大的涡破碎成展向相关尺度较小的涡,并消除尾缘脱落涡,这三者的综合作用使噪声得到降低.      

上下游干涉对转子叶片颤振特性的影响

使用自行开发的非定常流动数值模拟程序,分别考虑上、下游叶排干涉作用对转子叶片的颤振特性进行了研究,分析尾迹和势干扰对气动阻尼的影响规律.对转子叶片表面非定常压力进行傅里叶变换,使用能量法计算气动阻尼,研究不同叶片排轴向间距下气动阻尼的变化.通过考虑转静干涉效应的气动阻尼与单转子结果对比,总结了干涉作用对叶片颤振特性的影响规律;结果表明:上游导叶与转子一倍弦长间距时,获得正气动阻尼,与单转子预测的气动弹性稳定性结果相反.说明在进行颤振特性预测时必须考虑转静干涉作用;尾迹和势干扰的强度均随着轴向间距值的减小而加强,且都会加剧叶片气动弹性失稳.      

基于三维裂纹尖端应力场的应力强度因子计算方法

提出一种基于无限大体裂纹尖端弹性应力场理论解的前几项多项式函数,对实际裂纹体弹性应力场有限元解进行拟合来计算应力强度因子的方法.该方法在计算应力强度因子时不需要预先假设裂纹尖端的应力应变状态,应力强度因子计算结果更符合三维裂纹体裂纹尖端实际的应力应变状态.首先基于二维无限大板中心穿透裂纹应力场理论解验证了方法的有效性,探讨了拟合确定应力强度因子需要的多项式应力函数的项数.然后分别以二维大板中心穿透裂纹、三维大体内埋圆裂纹和三维有限厚板中心穿透裂纹的应力强度因子计算为例,通过与无限大板和无限大体应力强度因子理论解以及基于位移外推法和1/4节点张开位移法的应力强度因子有限元解的对比分析,验证了该方法的有效性和合理性.研究表明该方法能够合理反映三维裂纹体裂纹尖端的实际应力应变状态,计算得到的应力强度因子数值更合理.      

基于CST方法的高空低雷诺数吸附式叶型耦合优化设计

研究了一种基于类别形状函数变换（CST）方法的吸附式叶型优化设计方法,该方法可以在高空低雷诺数条件下对叶型和抽吸方案耦合优化.结果表明:优化之后在20km高空低雷诺数条件下总压损失降低了65%,静压升提高了0.02,气动性能得到较大提升.而且由于优化过程中罚函数的引入使得优化后吸附式叶型在地面条件下性能也有所提高.对于高空低雷诺数条件下吸附式叶型在抽吸位置之前适当的增加叶型负荷,再通过抽吸来控制附面层,效果最优.并且最佳抽吸位置位于层流分离泡作用区域内.在层流分离泡作用区域内抽吸可以完全消除层流分离泡对叶型性能的影响,并且可以较好控制附面层位移厚度和动量厚度的增加,有效地减小附面层内的动量损失.      

无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法的对比研究

对三种无定向激光陀螺捷联惯组标定方法进行了对比研究,详细分析了各种方案的标定原理,提出了利用标准差作为评价标定方法优劣的指标.结合对某一激光陀螺捷联惯组标定试验结果的分析,得到了在无北向基准的情况下,三种标定方法在标定时间和标定精度两个指标上的对比结果,为无定向激光捷联惯组的标定提供了指导,具有较大的工程应用价值.     

基于涡流发生器的风洞侧壁附面层控制

为降低风洞侧壁附面层对半模型数据的影响,在前期数值模拟的基础上,研制了一种适用于2.4m跨声速风洞半模型试验段侧壁的梯形涡流发生器,并进行了试验验证.结果表明:加装涡流发生器效果明显,亚声速范围内能够使附面层厚度降低20%~30%,对主气流均匀性影响可忽略;加装后半模型零升阻力系数降低,升力线斜率增大,压力中心向机身移动,体现了明显的附面层减薄效果,证明所研制的涡流发生器可应用于亚声速半模型试验中.