镍基高温合金的蠕变—疲劳交互作用行为及寿命预测

通过进行具有拉伸保持、压缩保持和拉－压保持的全反向总应变控制的低周疲劳实验,对镍基高温合金ＧＨ４０４９的蠕变－疲劳交互作用行为进行了系统的研究。结果表明,在较高的总应变幅下,合金首先发生循环应变硬化而后则发生软化直至断裂,而在低的总应变幅下则表现为循环稳定。由于压缩应变保持和拉－压应变保持的介入,合金的疲劳寿命将显著降低,但拉伸应变保持对疲劳寿命的影响则取决于总应变幅。拉伸保持或压缩保持时将分别产生平均压应力或拉应力。扫描电镜断口观察结果表明,裂纹萌生和第Ⅰ阶段的扩展均为穿晶形式,而第Ⅱ阶段的裂纹扩展则主要为沿晶形式。此外,利用线性累积损伤法则对蠕变－疲劳寿命进行了预测。     

RPC: The Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) will make in-situ measurements of the plasma environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The consortium will provide the complementary data sets necessary for an understanding of the plasma processes in the inner coma, and the structure and evolution of the coma with the increasing cometary activity. Five sensors have been selected to achieve this: the Ion and Electron Sensor (IES), the Ion Composition Analyser (ICA), the Langmuir Probe (LAP), the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP) and the Magnetometer (MAG). The sensors interface to the spacecraft through the Plasma Interface Unit (PIU). The consortium approach allows for scientific, technical and operational coordination, and makes optimum use of the available mass and power resources.     

低速轴流压气机中前后静叶对动叶顶部区域流动的影响

数值研究了某二级低速轴流压气机在高负荷工况下,动叶前后动静干涉对动叶顶部区域非定常流动的影响。结果显示一次泄漏涡和二次泄漏涡是动叶顶部的主要流动特征。下游静叶干涉增加了动叶顶部间隙流的非定常波动强度和泄漏损失。上游静叶干涉减少了动叶顶部二次泄漏流强度。同无动静干涉相比,同时存在上下游动静干涉使动叶顶部区域总压损失减少9.1%,其收益主要来自上游静叶的非定常干涉。     

Surface-Exosphere-Magnetosphere System Of Mercury

Mercury is a poorly known planet, since the only space-based information comes from the three fly-bys performed in 1974 by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. Ground-based observations also provided some interesting results, but they are particularly difficult to obtain due to the planet’s proximity to the Sun. Nevertheless, the fact that the planet’s orbit is so close to the Sun makes Mercury a particularly interesting subject for extreme environmental conditions. Among a number of crucial scientific topics to be addressed, Mercury’s exosphere, its interaction with the solar wind and its origin from the surface of the planet, can provide important clues about planetary evolution. In fact, the Hermean exosphere is continuously eroded and refilled by these interactions, so that it would be more proper to consider the Hermean environment as a single, unified system – surface-exosphere-magnetosphere. These three parts are indeed strongly linked to each other. In recent years, the two missions scheduled to explore the iron planet, the NASA MESSENGER mission (launched in March 2004) and the ESA cornerstone mission (jointly with JAXA) BepiColombo (to be launched in 2012), have stimulated new interest in the many unresolved mysteries related to it. New ground-based observations, made possible by new technologies, have been obtained, and new simulation studies have been performed. In this paper some old as well as the very latest observations and studies related to the surface-exosphere-magnetosphere system are reviewed, outlining the investigations achievable by the planned space-based observations. This review intends to support the studies, in preparation of future data, and the definition of specific instrumentation.     

横向喷流干扰中的真实气体效应研究

建立了包括湍流、两相流和非平衡化学反应模型的统一算法,并对横喷干扰流动中的高温异质喷流、两相流、非平衡燃烧效应分别进行了计算分析。研究表明,非平衡燃烧效应对干扰流场及模型气动力的影响最大,高温异质喷流次之,两相流效应的影响最小;非平衡燃烧是引起冷、热喷条件下轴向力系数出现明显差异的最主要因素;虽然固相颗粒本身对干扰流场影响非常小,但它会从造成气相质量流率损失的角度对流动产生影响。因此,在风洞试验的模拟准则中应对上述因素予以考虑。     

三维跨声速流粘性—无粘相互作用问题的分析和计算

本文对跨声速粘性-无粘相互作用问题进行了分析,论证了如何选择湍流边界层反模式的输入量。在FL027多重网格基础上作了局部加密。计算例子表明,本文建议的半逆方法适用于弱激波情形,可用于实际设计之中。     

关于累积疲劳损伤定则

根据实验结果和分析表明,Miner定则可用于变幅载荷下始裂寿命的估算,但要考虑载荷谱中大、小载荷交互作用。载荷交互作用效应可用疲劳裂纹起始的超载效应因子予以定量地表征。裂纹起始的超载效应取决于材料的应变硬化特性、构件几何以及超载的大小。因此,应视具体情况使用Miner定则。在始裂寿命占疲劳寿命主要部分的情况下,Miner定则可近似地用于估算疲劳寿命。     

阵风与叶栅干涉噪声的数值模拟

采用计算气动声学方法求解二维线化欧拉方程对阵风与叶栅的干涉噪声进行了数值模拟。为减少频散和耗散误差,采用七点四阶频散相关保持有限差分格式进行空间离散;时间推进采用优化的4/6低频散低耗散龙格库塔法;在各边界处均选择或建立了适当的边界条件。首先通过模拟阵风在自由空间中的传播验证了无反射边界条件的可靠性;然后对阵风与平板叶栅的干涉问题进行了模拟,数值结果与精确解符合得很好;最后给出了阵风与NACA-0012翼型叶栅干涉的数值模拟结果,显示了数值求解方法的可行性。      

锥形降落伞开伞过程流动结构相互作用的数值模拟

根据多结点开伞模型建立了锥形降落伞系统的变形动力学方程组来对充气过程中的伞衣柔性体变形过程进行模拟.结合多结点模型动力学方程结算代码和计算流体力学软件,对降落伞的充气过程进行流固耦合动态仿真,从而得到充气过程中伞衣外形和流场的变化,以及充气时间、下降速度变化和下降距离等相关数据,与国外研究成果相吻合.      

涡轮机械叶片的流固耦合数值计算方法

发展了一种流固弱耦合数值方法来判断涡轮机械叶片气弹稳定性.通过一种数据交换方法将计算结构动力学(CSD)的节点振动位移施加到计算流体力学(CFD)的叶片表面网格点上,CFD分析采用多层动网格技术实时更新可动域的网格点坐标,并通过有限体积法求解了用k-ε湍流模型封闭的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程.以NASA 67转子叶片为例,在设计状态下,对比了叶片前4阶模态下一个振动周期内的气动功及模态气动阻尼比,初步分析了叶片的气弹稳定性.计算结果表明:所发展的流固弱耦合数值方法用于判断涡轮机械叶片气弹稳定性是可行的.