共轴双旋翼自转气动特性

为了研究共轴双旋翼自转状态下的气动特性,开展了共轴双旋翼自转气动特性理论和试验研究.采用叶素理论计算旋翼力及力矩特性,引入气动干扰模型及动态入流捕捉旋翼流场的变化,对共轴双旋翼自转状态下的气动特性进行了理论分析和计算.风洞吹风试验与理论模型计算对比分析表明:旋翼转速较大时的误差小于5%,验证了理论模型的有效性.获得了上/下旋翼转速及升力随着总距角、后倒角、上/下旋翼间距及风速的变化关系.对比分析了上/下旋翼的相互气动干扰强度,获得了有效的共轴双旋翼自转时旋翼拉力分配的计算方法.      

某涡轮级三维流场非定常数值研究

基于耦合Lantry-Menter转捩模型的SST(Shear stress transport)湍流模型,对某涡轮级在3个雷诺数工况下的全三维流场分别进行了定常、非定常数值模拟,目的在于对比分析两种计算方法所得结果之间的差异。计算结果表明,进口雷诺数为4×104时和5×105时,定常与非定常计算的涡轮级效率的差异较大,最大相差0.6个百分点,而当雷诺数为8×104时,两者差异很小;非定常计算能够较好的模拟叶尖泄漏涡的发展过程、低雷诺数下上游尾迹与下游转子叶片吸力面分离边界层干涉诱导卷起涡的形成、输运及其所导致的叶片吸力面表面压力大幅波动等非定常流动现象。最后,给出了转子出口截面上周向与径向的非定常压力脉动的分布,为基于Lighthill声类比方法的计算气动声学研究奠定了基础。     

弹性整流罩分离的流固耦合仿真方法

发展了一种流固耦合的动力学数值仿真方法,用以模拟弹性结构在其运动诱导的非定常气动载荷作用下的动态响应.针对给定的运动规律,对不可压流场采用侵入式边界方法求解了非定常气动载荷,其中未计及弹性结构变形对流场的影响.对非定常气动载荷作用下的薄壁弹性结构进行了瞬态动力学数值模拟.以地面试验状态的整流罩分离为例,对刚性体及是否考虑表面气体压力作用的柔性体等情形下的整流罩的动力学行为进行了对比分析,验证了发展的流固耦合动力学仿真方法的可行性.     

基于LS—DYNA的降落伞伞衣织物透气性参数仿真验证

利用已知的伞衣织物透气量与压差曲线计算得到了表征伞衣织物透气性能的两个主要参数一粘性系数和惯性系数,并运用LS—DYNA软件的流固耦合算法对其进行了验证,这对以后仿真降落伞充气过程有一定的参考作用。     

离心叶轮和扩压器相互作用

采用定常和非定常数值模拟技术,研究了某跨声离心压气机级内的复杂流动,分析了叶轮与径向扩压器之间的非定常相互作用.结果表明,扩压器的势干扰使叶轮出口静压发生周期性地变化,引起叶轮后部负荷、叶尖泄漏和损失等也产生周期性地变化,影响范围达30%流向弦长.叶轮出口流场的周向不均匀性及非定常性使扩压器进口参数发生周期性的变化,导致扩压器负荷、总压恢复系数分布呈现出较强的非定常性,影响范围贯穿整个扩压器通道.      

基于脑电和眼动信号的人机交互意图识别

意图识别在人机交互（HCI）领域受到广泛关注,传统人机交互意图识别方法单纯依靠脑电（EEG）或眼动数据,不能很好地利用2种方法优点。为此,提出了一种融合脑电和眼动数据的人机交互意图识别方法,通过采集脑电和眼动信号,进行特征提取,输入机器学习模式识别网络进行意图识别,并基于Dempster-Shafer （D-S）证据理论进行决策层融合得出最终识别结果。招募了20名有效受试者进行交互意图识别实验,结果表明,基于脑电和眼动信号的人机交互意图识别方法识别准确率高于单纯依靠脑电和眼动数据的方法,可为下一步飞行器和武器系统人机交互系统自适应设计提供理论依据和技术支持。     

共轴对转螺旋桨的非定常气动干扰

为优化共轴对转螺旋桨的气动性能,研究前后桨之间复杂的非定常气动干扰,使用非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （URANS）方程的数值模拟方法,以及滑移网格技术,对6×6构型的共轴对转螺旋桨进行了三维非定常气动干扰计算,获得了共轴对转螺旋桨的气动特性变化规律,并给出了优化气动外形及运行控制的建议。计算结果表明:来流马赫数为0.38的情况下,由于非定常气动干扰导致的整个共轴对转螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数的脉动幅值为1.5%左右,推进效率的脉动幅值在0.1%左右。一个旋转周期内,前后桨均出现了12次周期波动,后桨由于能够吸收一部分前桨产生的切向滑流能量,推进效率比前桨更高一些,而且能够提高整个桨的效率。另外通过压力系数以及轴向速度的径向分布情况看,70%左右的桨半径位置上非定常气动干扰强度相对较大。      

Study of values and interpersonal perception in cosmonauts on board of international space station

The increased heterogeneity of International Space Station (ISS) crews′ composition (in terms of nationality, profession and gender) together with stressful situations, due to space flight, can have a significant impact on group interaction and cohesion, as well as on communications with Mission Control Center (MCC) and the success of the mission as a whole. Culturally related differences in values, goals, and behavioral norms could influence mutual perception and, thus, cohesive group formation. The purpose of onboard “Interaction-Attitudes” experiment is to study the patterns of small group (space crew) behavior in extended space flight. Onboard studies were performed in the course of ISS Missions 19–30 with participation of twelve Russian crewmembers. Experimental schedule included 3 phases: preflight training and Baseline Data Collection; inflight activities once in two weeks; post-flight measurement. We used Personal Self-Perception and Attitudes (PSPA) software for analyzing subjects′ attitudes toward social environment (crewmembers and MCC). It is based on the semantic differential and the repertory grid technique. To study the content of interpersonal perception we used content-analysis with participation of the experts, independently attributing each construct to the 17 semantic categories, which were described in our previous study. The data obtained demonstrated that the system of values and personal attitudes in the majority of participated cosmonauts remained mostly stable under stress-factors of extended space flight. Content-analysis of the important criteria elaborated by the subjects for evaluation of their social environment, showed that the most valuable personal traits for cosmonauts were those that provided the successful fulfillment of professional activity (motivation, intellectual level, knowledge, and self-discipline) and good social relationships (sociability, friendship, and tolerance), as well. Post-flight study of changes in perceptions, related to Real Self-image, did not reveal significant differences between the images of Russian crew-members and representatives from foreign space agencies. A certain difference in perceptions was found in cosmonauts with more integrated system of evaluations: after space flight they perceived foreign participants as “closer” to their Ideal, while Russian crew-members were perceived mostly as “distant” from Ideal Self of these subjects. Perceptions of people from Earth were also more critical. These differences are likely to be manifestations of interpersonal perception stereotypes. Described patterns of changes in perceptions of cosmonauts, who have performed space flight as a part of ISS multinational crew, allow us to suggest the recommendations for development of ISS crew training, in particular, it seems useful to increase the time of joint training for deepening of intercultural interaction.     

英语课堂提问模式研究

课堂提问是英语课堂教学中师生交流的主要途径之一,提问方式对课堂互动起着重要作用。利用建构主义和交际论的理论框架,探讨如何通过课堂提问,达到在课堂互动中提高学生交际能力的目的。     

High-speed unsteady flows past two-body configurations

This paper presents a detailed investigation of unsteady supersonic flows around a typical two-body configuration, which consists of a capsule and a canopy. The cases with different trailing distances between the capsule and canopy are simulated. The objective of this study is to examine the detailed effects of trailing distance on the flow fields and analyze the flow physics of the different flow modes around the parachute-like two-body model. The computational results show unsteady pulsating flow fields in the small trailing distance cases and are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. As the trailing distance increases, this unsteady flow mode takes different forms along with the wake/shock and shock/shock interactions, and then gradually fades away and transits to oscillate mode, which is very different from the former. As the trailing distance keeps increasing, only the capsule wake/canopy shock interaction is present in the flow field around the two-body model, which reveals that the unsteady capsule shock/canopy shock interaction is a key mechanism for the pulsation mode.