A320系列飞机机身抖动现象浅析

针对A320系列飞机在营运过程中产生间断性水平或垂直抖动故障，分析了产生抖动的原因，并通过更换作动器或操纵面铰链排除了抖动故障．同时提出了避免A320系列飞机交替产生不稳定因素的措施。     

Hexapod多自由度微激励系统的振动时域波形控制

摘要： Hexapod多自由度微激励系统常用于航天器有效载荷在轨微振动环境的模拟，但采用现有控制方法无法精确稳定跟踪低频正弦加速度，这是由于系统耦合度高、非线性在低频段较强，被控对象相位滞后过大造成的.针对此问题，基于传统离线迭代控制方法，提出一种复合超前校正、多倍频陷波滤波器的改进离线迭代控制方法.其中，离线迭代进行补偿控制，超前校正进一步补偿系统相位，多倍频陷波滤波器去除非线性干扰.跟踪低频定频正弦加速度的实验结果表明，对比传统离线迭代控制方法，改进方法收敛快、控制精度高；对比现有自适应正弦振动控制方法，改进方法将符合精度要求的加速度控制频带下限由14.5 Hz扩宽至8 Hz.实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

Numerical investigation on flow nonuniformity-induced hysteresis in scramjet isolator

Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the hysteresis inside scramjet isolator during the reciprocating process of back pressure variation. It is revealed that only a regular reflection is theoretically possible for two leading shocks when the inflow Mach number is greater than 2.0, and no hysteresis can occur in the transition between shock reflection types. Nevertheless, wall suction, gas injection, and background waves cause non-uniformity of the incoming flow and would make hysteresis possible. Besides the classical hysteresis in the transition between shock reflection, new kinds of hysteresis were found in both the deflection angle of separated boundary layer and the location of the shock train. Moreover, the occurrence of hysteresis in the deflection angle of the separated boundary layer is accompanied with the shock reflection hysteresis. In the case with background waves or gas injection, hysteresis in the starting position of leading shock was observed too. As back pressure decreases, the leading shock does not follow the same path as that as the back pressure increases, and it is anchored at the location where the background shock or the injection interacts with the leading shock. It is inferred that, if two strong adverse pressure gradient regions move towards and interact with each other, hysteresis will take place when they start to separate.     

基于改进准则法的复合壳阻尼结构拓扑减振动力学优化

针对复合壳阻尼结构的拓扑减振优化问题，以约束阻尼层的有限单元为设计变量，采用体积比、模态频率和振型为优化约束条件，构建以多模态权重系数的结构模态损耗因子数值关系为优化目标函数的拓扑减振优化模型。为了拓展优化目标灵敏度具有不局限于某一变密度法插值模型的形式，推导了数值表达式的一般函数式。动力学优化中优化目标灵敏度正、负数集共存，使得非凸性的目标函数设计变量出现负值或优化函数寻优于局部极值点。为此，推导出复合壳阻尼结构的全域灵敏度改进优化准则法迭代格，以确保每次迭代域均为全域设计变量集。结合有限单元法编程实现了复合壳阻尼结构改进准则法，并对复合壳结构进行拓扑减振优化分析。结果表明：在敷设体积减为全覆盖的50%时，复合壳结构的模态损耗因子增减偏差为10%，具有提升减振的轻量化设计目的；各阶目标函数和拓扑构型所需的迭代次数少，中间密度区域较小，多阶优于单阶模态优化函数，易于获得全域寻优的有效减振。     

卷簧式浅层月壤取样器设计及动力学分析

面向浅层月壤取样,文章设计了新颖的卷簧式可伸缩小型月壤取样器,它包括柔性取样臂和振动式取样头。对取样器进行了动力学有限元分析,研究了取样臂为不同长度时取样头的振动模态及频率响应,得出取样臂一阶横振频率与取样臂长度呈负幂函数关系;对取样器测控系统进行了振动试验,通过扫频方式测量取样臂为不同长度时的自振频率,给出了取样臂长...     

基于自回归与最小均方理论的振动环境下 光纤陀螺仪滤波方法

针对振动应力下光纤陀螺产生测量误差增大的问题,从振动对光纤环的影响机理出发,分析了振动应力下光纤陀螺干涉信号的表现形式,提出了基于自回归最小均方滤波理论的光纤陀螺滤波方法,将AR模型的平稳性和最小均方根滤波的自适应性相结合,提取平稳数据的特性参数,对高频信号进行滤波,降低非互易相移产生陀螺角速度误差值的干扰.试验表明,该方法简单可行,有效地降低了振动应力下光纤陀螺输出信息的噪声,抑制了由振动引起的陀螺漂移.     

翼吊发动机安装结构等效建模及其隔振设计

为了研究翼吊发动机安装结构隔振特性并优化其隔振器设计,建立了发动机安装节-吊架-机翼结构理论分析及有限元模型.利用有限元方法进行了模态验证并分析了安装结构的隔振特性.进行发动机3种典型工况下的结构动响应分析确定了振动传递的主路径.基于振动传递路径法研究了隔振器参数和安装位置对安装系统隔振性能的影响规律.结果表明:振动载荷经安装结构后低压转子转频和高压转子转频峰值响应分别降低22.03%和14.65%.低压转子转频振动传递主路径为发动机-前安装节-吊架-机翼,高压转子转频为发动机-后安装节-上连杆-机翼.通过合理设置隔振器位置可以使安装系统隔振率达到50.41%,隔振器的频率比为5和阻尼比为0.25时安装系统隔振率可达70.67%.为了优化整个发动机安装系统的隔振效果,设计隔振器时必须选取合适的安装位置和参数.      

Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes

With the implementation of environmental protection, sustainable development and conservation-oriented policies, components and parts of thin-walled welded tubes have gained increasing application in the aircraft and automotive industries because of their advantages: easily achieving forming and manufacturing process at low cost and in a short time. The current research on welded tube plastic forming is mainly concentrated on tube internal high-pressure forming, tube bending forming, and tube spinning forming. The focuses are on the material properties and characterization of welded tubes, finite element modeling for welded tube forming, and inhomogeneous deformation behavior and the mechanism and rules of deformation coordination in welded tube plastic forming. This paper summarizes the research progress in welded tube plastic forming from these aspects. Finally, with a focus on the urgent demand of the aviation, aerospace and automotive industries for high-strength and light-weight tubes, this paper discusses the development trends and challenges in the theory and technology of welded tube plastic forming in the future. Among them,laser tailor-welded technology will find application in the manufacture of high-strength steel tubes.Tube-end forming technology, such as tube flaring and flanging technology, will expand its application in welded tubes. Therefore, future studies will focus on the FE modeling regarding how to consider effects of welding on residual stresses, welding distortions and microstructure, the inhomogeneous deformation and coordination mechanism of the plastic forming process of tailor-welded tubes, and some end-forming processes of welded tubes, and more comprehensive research on the forming mechanism and limit of welded tubes.     

燃料分级对旋流火焰的动态特性影响研究

为深入研究分级旋流火焰特性,以分级旋流模型燃烧室为研究对象,对四个不同燃料分级比(Rf)条件下的分级旋流火焰进行了数值研究,在时均燃烧场特性分析的基础上进一步对燃料分级比为1和3两个工况进行了基于壁面建模的大涡模拟(WMLES)研究。结果表明:燃料分级比的改变会影响中心回流区(CRZ)的长度和宽度。燃烧室中截面的散点分布图能够显示出不同燃料分级比条件下的燃烧特征。燃料分级比为1时,燃烧室剪切层仅存在零散的涡破碎区;而燃料分级比为3时,伴随涡破碎区还出现了单螺旋分支进动涡核(PVC)。通过FFT变换获得的燃烧室内剪切层速度能谱主频与进动涡核的旋转频率相同,表明内剪切层速度脉动的产生与进动涡核有关。另外进动涡核会使流场内的燃料分布和燃烧模式发生周期性的变化,进而影响燃烧过程。调整燃料分级比在1附近,能够使分级火焰达到稳定燃烧降低排放的目标。     

空间科学实验柜被动式减振系统研究

载人航天二期我国将发展短期有人照料的空间实验室,将开展一系列空间科学实验.国际空间站和我国神舟飞船实际微重力水平测量结果表明,需采取必要的减振措施才能满足特殊科学实验要求,鉴于此对空间科学实验柜被动式减振系统进行了研究和设计.根据空间科学实验柜在载人航天器内的实际安放状态,对其进行了减振布局.将实验柜本身作为刚体,建立6自由度的减振系统动力学模型,然后在ADAMS中建立了空间科学实验柜及减振系统三维实体模型,对减振系统进行仿真,得出系统时域、频域及随机输入下的响应特性.对减振系统参数进行优化,提高了系统的减振效果.