基于SIP的Ka频段高集成度有源相控阵天线设计

卫星有效载荷系统逐渐开始采用相控阵天线作为收发装置,由于卫星的体积和重量受限,星载相控阵天线必须朝小型化、轻量化方向发展。传统砖块式架构的ka频段64元相控阵天线的剖面高度约60~80mm,重量约2kg。近年来,研究人员从设计、工艺和加工等不同方向探索和研究了瓦片式的相控阵天线,期望能从设计和加工方法上减小相控阵天线体积和重量,从设计方法入手,研究了一种基于系统集成封装技术的有源相控阵天线,该天线的辐射单元材料采用微带介质板,相较于其它形式的辐射单元具有更低的剖面高度,微波射频电路被封装到低温共烧陶瓷基板内部,射频走线与辐射单元平行布局,通过高集成化设计将微波电路和天线辐射单元进行一体化组装,与传统砖块式架构的相控阵天线相比,在具有相同辐射口径的前提下,设计的天线剖面高度缩减到30mm,重量减小到1kg,工作在Ka频段,波束扫描宽度达到±60°。满足了减小相控阵天线体积和重量的要求。     

动基座近舰面流场数值模拟

航母尾迹流场对舰载机的着舰有较大影响,所以需要对其流场特点进行研究,分析不同状态下舰载机气动特性的变化。采用嵌套网格技术对航母处于垂荡状态下无人机的着舰进行了模拟。首先,利用SFS2舰船进行数值计算,验证了舰船流场的数值模拟方法。然后,对比了单独无人机定常与非定常计算结果,表明所建立的嵌套网格适用于无人机流场的模拟。接着,对航母单相流和两相流的流场结果进行了分析,结果显示甲板下方的流动对甲板上方流场没有大的影响。因此,忽略了水的影响只对航母在空气流场中的特性进行研究,结果表明航母尾迹非定常特性明显,静止航母下滑轨迹上的速度均处于周期性波动状态,且波动幅值随着远离航母而逐渐衰减;而在垂荡情况下航母尾迹变得更加紊乱,水平方向速度波动的周期性减弱,但垂向速度的波动幅值进一步增大。对于静止航母,无人机在不同时刻着舰气动特性的变化也存在差异;当航母处于垂荡状态时,无人机的升力和俯仰力矩在短时间内会有更大的波动。     

计及弹射滑车质量的某舰载无人机弹射动态响应分析

舰载无人机是未来海上作战的关键装备,其弹射动态性能严重影响起飞安全。弹射滑车与舰载机起落架弹射杆相连,在牵制杆突卸弹射滑跑过程中共同组成一个耦合动力学系统。目前,国内外尚缺乏对此耦合系统动力学特性的研究。以由某无人机改造的弹射型为研究对象,建立了包含弹射滑车质量的弹射动力学模型,并开展了拖拽弹射过程的动态响应分析,结果表明：弹射滑车的惯性力会沿着弹射杆传递到前起落架上,拖拽弹射过程中前起落架载荷波动幅度增大,前起落架撑杆、弹射杆以及前轮垂向载荷峰值分别增加了23.4%、21.6%和14.0%;前起落架缓冲器压缩量变化范围扩大了30.4%;前起落架纵向和垂向的载荷振荡频率分别从90.9 Hz和5.2 Hz降到26.3 Hz和4.4 Hz。     

垂直起降运载火箭返回轨迹不确定性优化

针对垂直起降运载火箭一子级在返回着陆的过程中存在的参数不确定性,提出了一种基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开的序列优化和可靠度评估的返回轨迹不确定性优化方法。首先,建立了返回多飞行段轨迹在确定性条件下的优化模型。然后,为同时兼顾轨迹的鲁棒性和可靠性,建立了由鲁棒最优目标函数、基于可靠度的路径约束和鲁棒等式约束组成的不确定性返回轨迹优化模型。最后,基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对鲁棒目标函数和等式约束进行量化处理,将原随机鲁棒优化问题转化为高维状态空间中的等价确定性优化问题;为提高路径约束的可靠度评估效率,基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对最可能点法进行改进,进一步发展了序列优化和可靠度评估策略。数值仿真结果表明,所提出的不确定性优化方法具有较好的鲁棒性,可以满足工程可靠性指标要求,同时还具有较高的精度和计算效率。     

小天体软着陆中的地面特征区域提取与跟踪算法

考虑到自主导航过程中的特征区域检测与跟踪问题,提出了一种新的跟踪算法。该算法是基于DIMES框架。首先,对在软着陆过程中拍摄的行星表面图像进行亮度均衡化,对处理后的图像进行二值化;然后,对二值化特征区域进行模板匹配找出高度相关位置点;最后,根据特征区域之间的几何关系确定特征区域的搜索范围,再分别提取这些相关点所代表区域的特征向量,并且与模板的特征向量进行相似性分析从而找到相似性最大的位置点。通过两组小行星表面图片进行分析验证得到了较好的效果。     

Analysis on Potential Conflict Frequency of Intersected Air Routes in Terminal Airspace Design

In order to obtain accurate conflict risks in terminal airspace design, the concept and calculation model of potential conflict frequency for intersected routes are proposed. Conflict frequency is represented by the product of horizontal conflict frequency and vertical conflict probability. The horizontal conflict frequency is derived from the probability density distribution of conflicts in a period of time. Based on the recorded radar trajectory data, the concept and model of ROUTE distance are proposed, and the probability density function of aircraft height at a specified ROUTE distance is deduced by kernel density estimation. Furthermore, vertical conflict probability and its horizontal distribution are achieved. Examples of three intersected arrival and departure route design schemes are studied. Compared with scheme 1, the conflict frequency values of the other two improved schemes decrease to 53 % and 24%, respectively. The results show that the model can quantify potential conflict frequency of intersec ted routes.     

New trade tree for manned mars missions

Recent studies on human missions to Mars suggest revisiting the parameters that have the most important impact on the complexity, the initial mass in low Earth orbit, the risks and the development costs for the first journey to the red planet. In the last NASA reference mission, a trade tree is proposed.     

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

航天器着陆碰撞动力学CUDA并行计算技术

航天器着陆接触碰撞过程中的瞬态响应计算,涉及到几何非线性、接触非线性和材料非线性,计算过程复杂,计算量大。为此,文章将统一计算架构(CUDA)技术应用到接触碰撞问题的并行显式积分计算,研究了质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的并行生成方法,并将基于中心差分法的求解过程并行化实施。仿真算例表明:并行算法计算结果准确,较大地提高了计算仿真分析的效率,可为航天器着陆过程中冲击动力学计算的快速和高精度实现奠定基础。