Polyhedron tracking and gravity tractor asteroid deflection

In the wake of the Chelyabinsk airburst, the defense against hazardous asteroids is becoming a topic of high interest. This work improves the gravity tractor asteroid deflection approach by tracking realistic small body shapes with tilted ion engines. An algorithm for polyhedron tracking was evaluated in a fictitious impact scenario. The simulations suggest a capability increase up to 38.2% with such improved tilting strategies. The long- and short-term effects within polyhedron tracking are illustrated. In particular, the orbital reorientation effect is influential when realistic asteroid shapes and rotations are accounted for. Also analyzed is the subject of altitude profiles, a way to tailor the gravity tractor performance, and to achieve a steering ability within the B-plane. A novel analytical solution for the classic gravity tractor is derived. It removes the simulation need for classic tractor designs to obtain comparable two body model Δv$\mathrm{\Delta }v$ figures. This paper corroborates that the asteroid shape can be exploited for maximum performance. Even a single engine tilt adjustment at the beginning of deflection operations yields more deflection than a fixed preset tilt.     

双后掠鸭翼气动特性的数值模拟

首先针对具有中等前缘后掠角梯形鸭翼的缺点提出双后掠鸭翼概念,然后分别对安装梯形鸭翼和双后掠鸭翼的近距耦合鸭式布局的气动性能进行数值模拟研究,分析影响双后掠鸭翼气动性能的流动机理。研究表明：在大迎角时,对于双后掠鸭翼,具有较大前缘后掠角的外翼段可以使鸭翼涡在涡核破裂后仍能形成稳定集中涡并保持较高的强度,增加鸭翼本身的失速迎角,并通过诱导作用改善机翼外翼段流场,进而提高全机大迎角性能,但在小迎角时会破坏鸭翼附着流或前缘气泡涡的发展,造成略微的升力损失。拥有较大失速迎角的双后掠鸭翼在小迎角时具有较大的可用偏度,可以增强布局的抬头控制能力。双后掠鸭翼在满足隐身约束的前提下,超声速阻力较小,具有较好的超声速性能。     

Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectory for asteroid deflection missions

Asteroid deflection techniques are essential in order to protect the Earth from catastrophic impacts by hazardous asteroids. Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories is considered as one of the key technologies to successfully deflect potentially hazardous asteroids. In this paper, we address a general framework for the rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories for future asteroid deflection missions. The design and optimization process includes three closely associated steps. Firstly, shape-based approaches and genetic algorithm (GA) are adopted to perform preliminary design, which provides a reasonable initial guess for subsequent accurate optimization. Secondly, Radau pseudospectral method is utilized to transcribe the low-thrust trajectory optimization problem into a discrete nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Finally, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used to efficiently solve the nonlinear programming problem and obtain the optimal low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories. The rapid design and optimization algorithms developed in this paper are validated by three simulation cases with different performance indexes and boundary constraints.     

基于MHSS算法的ARAIM完好性和可用性预测

传统的接收机自主完好性监视只能提供非精密进近阶段的完好性监视,无法实现对完好性要求更加严格的飞行阶段的监视,而高级接收机自主完好性监视（AdvancedReceiverAutonomousIntegrityMonitoring,ARAIM）可以在精密进近阶段为飞机提供满足航向信标性能垂直引导（LocalizerPerformancewithVerticalguidance,LPV）的完好性监视服务。文章基于多假设分组解算法,根据目前的星座环境,结合民航不同飞行阶段的应用需求,对ARAIM算法进行仿真研究。针对水平保护级（HorizontalProtectionLevel,HPL）和垂直保护级（VerticalProtectionLevel,VPL）的指标,在不同星座组合环境下,选取南北半球不同经纬度的5个观测机场,分别仿真了HPL和VPL的变化情况,并对全球HPL和VPL平均分布趋势,以及以99%的概率满足LPV-200进近可用性指标时,ARAIM可用性的全球覆盖率进行了仿真预测分析。仿真结果表明,不论是全球定位系统和格洛纳斯双星座还是增加北斗卫星导航系统后的三星座,5个观测机场的HPL和VPL均能满足LPV-200进近对完好性指标的要求;但在全球范围内,双星座条件下,ARAIM并不能完全支持LPV-200进近对完好性监视的要求,而三星座则可大大提高ARAIM的可用性,为民航用户提供满足精密进近的所需导航服务性能。     

气压垂直导航中修正高度分析

在世界海拔最高民用机场四川稻城亚丁机场的基于性能导航(PBN)飞行程序设计过程中,由于GPS在垂直方向精度较低,最后进近航段采用气压垂直导航(Baro-VNAV).但机场海拔高,这种导航方式受到修正高度的影响较大.因此通过对ISA偏差对气压高度的影响公式进行推导,得出修正高度公式,利用Matlab对机场温度、航段高、机场标高与修正高度H修的关系进行分析,并以四川稻城亚丁机场Baro-VNAV实例进行了验证.最终给出了在PBN飞行程序设计过程中的建议.     

Performance evaluation of IRI-2007 at equatorial latitudes and its Matlab version for GNSS applications

International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model is the widely used empirical model for ionospheric predictions, especially TEC which is an important parameter for radio navigation and communication. The Fortran based IRI-2007 does not support real-time interactive visualization and debugging. Therefore, the source code is converted into Matlab and is validated for the purposes of this study. This facilitates easy representation of results and for near real-time implementation of IRI in the applications including spacecraft launching, now casting, pseudolite based navigation systems etc. In addition, the vertical delay results over the equatorial region derived from IRI and GPS data of three IGS stations namely Libreville (Garbon, Africa), Brasilia (Brazil, South America) and Hyderabad (India, Asia) are compared. As the IRI model does not account for plasmasphere TEC, the vertical delays are underestimated compared to vertical delays of GPS signals. Therefore, the model should be modified accordingly for precise TEC estimation.     

压气机叶片最大挠度相对位置对颤振影响的数值研究

研究了某型压气机第一排转子叶片最大挠度相对位置对颤振的影响.首先通过调整转子叶片最大挠度相对位置,对叶片表面非定常气动力及其所做非定常气动功进行计算分析,然后采用能量法对叶片颤振与否进行预估判断.计算结果表明,该型压气机第一排转子叶片最大挠度相对位置分布不均匀会大大提高颤振发生的可能性,而最大挠度相对位置越大,发生颤振...     

一种新型垂直起降升力装置的气动特性分析与数值仿真

飞行器的垂直起降性能具有很高的军事价值和商业价值。但是目前垂直起降升力装置存在结构复杂,耗油量大,对地面热蚀严重等诸多问题,并且还限制了飞行器原有的性能,因此研究新型高效、简单实用的垂直起降升力装置迫在眉睫。本文基于二维N-S方程组和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,利用Fluent流场仿真软件,研究论证了一种...     

基于人工神经网络的柔性机翼挠度预测

为实现对承载后柔性机翼挠度的准确预测,在全面分析柔性机翼挠度的影响因素基础上,应用正交试验法确定的影响柔性机翼挠度的主要因子作为输入变量,挠度作为输出变量,以大量试验数据为训练样本,通过多次试取隐含层和各隐含单元,并选取trainlm作为最优训练函数,最终建立了预测柔性机翼挠度的BP(Back Propagation)人工神经网络模型.在此基础上,随机选取试验结果中的12组试验样本,连续进行10次挠度预测,预测结果和试验实测值最大相对误差和标准方差分别为4.481%,1.033 7.解析结果表明:柔性机翼挠度预测结果与实验值吻合的较好,建立的人工神经网络预测模型具有较高的预测精度.     

火箭弹垂直发射动力学建模与仿真

首先建立了火箭弹垂直发射的弹道模型,然后研究了升阻比、弹道倾角等参数的变化对火箭弹射程的影响,并分别对这两种情况进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,滑翔飞行时,在一定程度上增大了升阻比,有助于增大火箭弹的射程;另外在转弯结束时,弹道倾角的变化对火箭弹射程也有一定影响。