基于角加速度的陀螺框架伺服系统干扰观测器

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG,Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyro)是大型航天器姿态控制的关键执行机构,影响MSCMG输出力矩准确度的一个关键因素是其框架伺服系统的控制精度.为提高MSCMG框架伺服系统的抗干扰能力和控制精度,提出了一种基于角加速度的干扰观测器.其设计思想是:卡尔曼滤波器利用角位置估计出角速度并送往状态观测器以获取准确的角加速度,角加速度和电流作为干扰观测器的输入以获得补偿电流,补偿电流加到电流环的输入端以补偿各种干扰.干扰观测器结构简单,抗干扰能力强.实验表明:该方法有效地提高了MSCMG框架伺服系统的角速度精度与稳定度.     

基于位移场仿真与特征参数提取的精铸模具型面逆向设计方法

提出了一种简单高效的涡轮叶片精铸模具型面逆向设计方法:特征参数逆向调整法。一方面,基于叶片收缩变形位移场的有限元仿真结果,更为准确地计算铸件不同部位的收缩率;另一方面,通过12个反映叶型特征参数的提取、叶型的复原和调整技术,实现了凝固和冷却过程中非线性收缩变形的补偿,弥补了传统线性放缩法的不足。由于最终获得的型面仍然是参数化CAD模型,和单纯网格直接反向叠加法相比,无需后续复杂的曲面拼接和光顺技术。最后以叶片的叶身为例,将该方法与传统型面放缩法和网格直接反向叠加法进行比较,结果表明对于弦长为60.5mm的涡轮动力叶片,采用特征参数逆向调整法,叶型的型面误差、弦长误差和扭转角误差与传统的收缩中心放缩法相比分别降低了83.8%、96.3%和66.7%,因此具有很好的工程应用前景。     

闭截面型材的拉弯成形性

拉弯是型材的基本成形方法.截面畸变是型材拉弯成形中的常见缺陷,并对型材的回弹和变薄有交叉影响,型材拉弯成形性的分析评估远比板材成形复杂.提出了型材拉弯成形性的概念,建立了矩形截面型材拉弯成形性分析模型,基于有限元数值模拟研究了截面结构、相对高度和壁厚分布等几何参数对拉弯成形性的影响规律,从提高拉弯成形性出发提出了型材截面优化设计的原则.      

自耦合射流流动特性和相关参数影响规律的数值研究

为了得到压电驱动的自耦合射流的流场特性以及相关参数对其的影响规律,利用数值模拟的方法,借助于动网格技术模拟了压电驱动膜片的周期性运动,实现了自耦合射流腔体内部和外部流动的耦合计算,获得了和实验相一致的流动现象;当输入压电膜片的振动频率、振幅以及激发器腔室的几何尺寸不同时,自耦合射流的流动速度分布相应地进行改变。研究结果表明:数值模拟方法是合理的;模拟结果为实验参数的设定和实验件的优化设计提供了良好的理论依据。      

Method for denoising and reconstructing radar HRRP using modified sparse auto-encoder

A high resolution range profile (HRRP) is a summation vector of the sub-echoes of the target scattering points acquired by a wide-band radar. Generally, HRRPs obtained in a non-cooperative complex electromagnetic environment are contaminated by strong noise. Effective pre-processing of the HRRP data can greatly improve the accuracy of target recognition. In this paper, a denoising and reconstruction method for HRRP is proposed based on a Modified Sparse Auto-Encoder, which is a representative non-linear model. To better reconstruct the HRRP, a sparse constraint is added to the proposed model and the sparse coefficient is calculated based on the intrinsic dimension of HRRP. The denoising of the HRRP is performed by adding random noise to the input HRRP data during the training process and fine-tuning the weight matrix through singular-value decomposition. The results of simulations showed that the proposed method can both reconstruct the signal with fidelity and suppress noise effectively, significantly outperforming other methods, especially in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio conditions.     

基于滑模控制的剖面跟踪制导律

针对高超声速飞行器滑翔段的高精度制导问题，考虑复杂多约束条件以及干扰和不确定因素的影响，设计了一种基于全局积分滑模控制的剖面跟踪制导方法。首先，将多重约束转化为阻力加速度-速度（D-V）平面内的再入走廊；然后，以终端精度和总吸热量为性能指标，采用分段函数的形式优化设计出一条标准D-V剖面；再基于简化的动力学模型，推导得到关于阻力加速度微分和速度的二阶非线性模型；最后，基于滑模控制理论，设计全局积分滑模面和指数趋近律，获得控制量幅值大小，并结合侧向方位误差走廊确定控制量符号，从而实现对标准剖面的有效跟踪。采用CAV-H滑翔再入模型进行数值仿真，分析验证了提出的基于滑模控制的剖面跟踪制导律具有较好的跟踪性能和精度。     

Tangent-impulse transfer from elliptic orbit to an excess velocity vector

The two-body orbital transfer problem from an elliptic parking orbit to an excess veloc-ity vector with the tangent impulse is studied. The direction of the impulse is constrained to be aligned with the velocity vector, then speed changes are enough to nullify the relative velocity. First, if one tangent impulse is used, the transfer orbit is obtained by solving a single-variable function about the true anomaly of the initial orbit. For the initial circular orbit, the closed-form solution is derived. For the initial elliptic orbit, the discontinuous point is solved, then the initial true anomaly is obtained by a numerical iterative approach; moreover, an alternative method is proposed to avoid the singularity. There is only one solution for one-tangent-impulse escape trajectory. Then, based on the one-tangent-impulse solution, the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is obtained by a numerical optimization algorithm, e.g., the genetic method. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the proposed method. The numerical results show that the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is the same as the one-tangent-impulse trajectory.     

基于改进A~*算法的进离场航线网络3D规划

为提高终端空域航线设计的自动化水平,对进离场航线进行了研究。针对独立航线规划,提出角度扩展航路点搜索方法,提高算法运行效率。选取水平剖面经济性最优为目标函数,垂直剖面满足最优爬升/下降剖面,实现3D航线网络规划。实例结果表明,在保证航线安全性、经济性的同时,算法运行稳定,效率明显提高。     

ISAR非平稳目标成像时间和转速联合估计方法

针对逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)非平稳目标成像,提出基于两特显点相位联合估计成像时间和转速的方法,并得到了转速与相位斜率差(PSD)的解析表达式.首先,基于两个特显点距离单元估计目标转动相位,根据不同时间段转动相位线性度(PLD)选择成像时间.其次,在适合成像的时间段,将成像时间等分成两段,分别提取两段时间内转动相位的斜...     

脉冲爆震火箭发动机高频实验研究

为了研究脉冲爆震发动机的高频工作特性,以航空煤油和压缩氧气为推进剂,采用爆震增强装置,增大推进剂供给压力以及增大电磁阀控制气压力等措施,在脉冲爆震火箭发动机模型上进行了实验,成功获得45Hz时的爆震压力波形。实验结果表明,频率增高,爆震波峰值压力下降,有利于加速缓燃向爆震的转变(Defla-gration to Detonation Transition,DDT)。当爆震充分发展时,爆震波波速基本不变,峰值压力上升时间趋于定值。工作频率为45 Hz时,爆震波峰值的压力为3.2 MPa,爆震波的波速为1 715.5m/s。