平行平板内连续布置肋块流场与传热的数值模拟

为了研究平行平板内连续布置8个肋块的流场结构和传热现象, 利用计算流体力学软件FLU-ENT6.2内置的标准k-ε湍流模型、RNGk-ε湍流模型和Realizablek-ε湍流模型对此进行了数值模拟并对结果作了比较.流场结果显示在相同来流条件下, 由Realizablek-ε模型预测的肋块间逆时针方向回流区最大, 标准k-ε模型最小.数值结果表明从第2个肋块开始加热段表面压力系数Cp和努塞尔数Nu开始呈周期性变化.同时将第7个肋表面的努塞尔数数值解与实验值进行了比较, 结果为三种湍流模型都能准确模拟出努塞尔数的变化趋势.计算结果可为工程设计和使用提供参考.      

Operating characteristics of a high radius pre-swirl cooling system

An experimental investigation into pre-swirl effectiveness and receiver hole discharge coefficient characteristics for a high radius injection pre-swirl cooling systems was carried out on a physically representative experimental rig with a 450 mm diameter rotor.The receiver holes and pre-swirl nozzle were located at a radius of 181 mm and 180 mm respectively.The experimental work was mainly conducted at 5 000～12 000 r/min,4 bar absolute pressure and 1.132 kg/s air supply.The maximum air supply temperature was 190 ℃.Pressure and temperature distributions in the pre-swirl system were examined with an emphasis on the velocity effectiveness of the pre-swirl system as a whole and on the discharge coefficients of the rotating 'receiver holes' in the rotor.The results showed that the velocity effectiveness increased with increasing swirl ratio resulting in reduced blade cooling flow temperature.Different seal flow configurations caused very different effectiveness at different speeds,but outflow through the inner and outer seals always gave the highest effectiveness compared other configurations.Increasing the seal flow rate reduced the effectiveness.For the coefficient of discharge,except for the low speed range,it increased with increase in swirl ratio for most speeds.      

The role of AVDR in linear cascade testing

Linear cascade testing plays an important role in the research and development of turbomachinery and is widely used over the world.The ideal cascade model of a turbomachinery blade row is two-dimensional.In actual linear cascade testing, the flow through the test section converges due to the development of the boundary layer and secondary flow along the sidewall surfaces of the test section.Axial velocity density ratio(AVDR) is adopted to account for the deviation of the tested cascade flow from the ideal 2D model.Among numerous published cascade works, the influence of AVDR on cascade performance is seen to be complicated with many affecting factors, such as those related to cascade/blade geometry and flow conditions.Also, controlling AVDR is limited by the facility capability.Furthermore, real blade-to-blade flow in turbomachines is usually associated with AVDR greater than unity due to limited span of blades between the hub and shroud such that cascade testing without reducing AVDR could be favored sometimes.All these facets add complexity and diversification to the matter.The current paper reviews previous studies and results on AVDR.Consolidated understanding on the role of AVDR and recommendations on how to deal with it in linear cascade testing are provided.      

基于行波与模态的混合方法对Timoshenko梁进行振动主动控制

 基于Timoshenko梁理论,采用波控制和独立模态空间混合方法,对悬臂梁的振动控制问题进行研究。采用波控制方法实现对Timoshenko梁结构的一点或多点的横向位移的振动控制。首先,基于结构的整体运动,采用模态坐标控制方法,对结构振动进行整体控制设计。而后,基于结构的局部性质,采用波方法吸收结构振动中的高频能量并求出Timoshenko梁中波的反射因数和透射因数。理论上研究了单位力扰动下的悬臂梁的振动。考虑的具体方法是将PD反馈波控制与基于极点配置法设计的模态控制相结合。最后给出数值结果。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

New Cutting Force Modeling Approach for Flat End Mill

A new mechanistic cutting force model for flat end milling using the instantaneous cutting force coefficients is proposed. An in-depth analysis shows that the total cutting forces can be separated into two terms: a nominal component independent of the runout and a perturbation component induced by the runout. The instantaneous value of the nominal component is used to calibrate the cutting force coefficients. With the help of the perturbation component and the cutting force coefficients obtained above, the cutter runout is identified. Based on simulation and experimental results, the validity of the identification approach is demonstrated. The advantage of the proposed method lies in that the calibration performed with data of one cutting test under a specific regime can be applied for a great range of cutting conditions.     

Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of 3-Dimensional and 4-Directional Braided Composites

It is vital to choose a factual and reasonable micro-structural model of braided composites for improving the calculating precision of thermal property of 3-D braided composites by finite element method (FEM). On the basis of new microstructure model of braided composites proposed recently, the model of FEM calculation for thermal conductivity of 3-dimennsional and 4-directional braided composites is set up in this paper. The curves of coefficient of effective thermal conductivity versus fiber volume ratio and interior braiding angle are obtained. Furthermore, comparing the results of FEM with the available experimental data,the reasonability and veracity of calculation are confirmed at the same time.     

阻力伞附加质量与阻力系数修正方法

在阻力伞试验,特别是高速滑车试验过程中,由于阻力伞系统作非匀加速的非定常运动以及前置体尾流场的影响,现有的阻力伞试验数据计算方法已经难以准确计算其阻力系数.本文针对阻力伞试验过程中的这种非定常运动和尾流干扰特性,对阻力伞系统进行了动力学分析,并对阻力伞非定常运动过程中的附加质量和尾流场特性进行了理论研究,提出了阻力伞双...     

利用红外加热笼进行低热流模拟的设计方法研究

在航天器热平衡试验中,散热面区域的低热流密度要求往往难以实现。在以往的试验中,考虑到加热笼覆盖系数对热流密度均匀性的影响,通常选用红外灯阵作为主要的外热流模拟装置。但是红外灯阵体积和热容较大,形状适应性不强,对试验容器空间要求较高。文章利用仿真的手段研究了加热笼的覆盖系数对热流密度均匀性的影响,探讨了利用红外加热笼进行低热流模拟的可行性。     

基于距离像特征的复合速度估计算法研究

首先分析了步进频率宽带信号混频处理原理和目标速度对距离像的影响。在此基础上,提出了基于距离像熵和距离像对比度的速度估计算法,详细分析了这两种算法的数学原理、步骤、效果、适用条件等。最后,基于这两种算法又提出了复合速度估计算法,大大提高了速度估计精度。