低压下镁铝富燃料固体推进剂燃烧性能研究

通过调节氧化剂含量、粒度级配,或加入KP、用硼粉替换部分铗铝及改变催化剂含量,研究了镁铝富燃料固体推进剂燃速和压强指数的变化规律。研究结果表明,燃速随着AP、KP粒度的减小而增加;随AP含量的增加而增加;随催化剂含量的增加而增加;随KP含量的降低而增加。压强指数随AP粒度减小呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势;粒度不同的配方随AP含量增加,压强指数变化趋势不同;催化剂含量对压强指数的影响规律也同AP粒度有关;KP的粒度变化对压强指数几乎无影响。硼粉替换部分镁铝对燃速和压强指数的影响规律与氧化剂的粒度有关。     

乙烯和汽油多循环脉冲爆震发动机起爆特性比较

为了研究脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)结构对其工作性能的影响,在内径为40mm、长为1050mm的气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机样机上,进行了气态乙烯/空气和液态汽油/空气的多循环起爆特性试验研究.研究结果表明:在25,30Hz和40Hz下都能在乙烯/空气中成功触发爆震波,40Hz下产生C-J(Chapman-Jouguet)爆震波,传播速度为1724m/s(低于C-J爆震波速度理论值1832.45m/s的5.6%),峰值压力为3.01MPa(高于C-J爆震波压力理论值2.79MPa的7.88%).在相同结构下,汽油/空气未能完成由缓燃向爆震转变的过程.通过对比两种燃料下的试验结果发现:相对于气态燃料,液态燃料受其蒸发过程的影响,在爆震管内的火焰加速缓慢,需要更多的强化燃烧装置来加速火焰,带来的总压损失也更大.因此,对于液态燃料改善雾化和蒸发,提高可爆混气的质量是其实现低阻起爆的关键.      

一种轴对称变几何进气道设计方法

对带凹腔的圆锥流动进行了数值分析,就流场结构和总压分布与实验结果进行了比较,数值模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好,结果可信.数值模拟研究了不同几何构型的凹腔对圆锥流动的影响,分析并揭示了凹腔与圆锥流场的耦合流动特征.据此,对一种圆锥头部可移动的轴对称变几何进气道开展了方案设计及气动性能分析,并与相应定几何进气道进行了对比.结果表明:当来流马赫数高于设计马赫数时,后退圆锥头部可以调节进气道外压缩波系,保证流量系数达到0.99以上,采用该变几何技术,在不改变进气道内通道几何形状的前体下,可明显提高进气道的流量系数.      

一种实用的运输类飞机机翼/发动机短舱一体化优化设计方法

发展了一套基于遗传算法优化/Navier-Stokes方程分析的运输类飞机机翼/发动机短舱一体化设计方法,提出了一系列保证该方法工程实用性的解决方案,其中包括设计变量模块化、局部优化全机分析、超临界压力分布约束条件等。通过采用适当的计算网格、并行算法及数值方法,使得基于遗传算法优化/Navier-Stakes方程分析设计方法的运算时间在工程上能够接受。运用该设计方法对下单翼运输类飞机机翼/发动机短舱一体化设计开展了单点优化和两点优化,结合二者结果对比验证了该方法的有效性和工程实用性。单点优化得到的机翼压力分布呈现无激波特点,阻力系数随马赫数变化比较剧烈;两点优化得到的机翼压力分布为弱激波形态,阻力随马赫数变化比较缓和,所设计的机翼具有更好的鲁棒性和工程实用性。     

空间真空环境下密封电磁继电器的触点失效研究

密封电磁继电器有其固有的漏率,在应用于空间真空环境下由于气体泄漏使得其内部气体压力逐渐降低,导致继电器的触点在低气压环境下工作失效（负载切换时）。文章选择国产继电器样品对上述机理进行了试验验证,并对继电器内部气体压力与触点电弧失效的规律进行了研究。     

基于CAIV的导弹低成本保障性指标论证技术

利用CAIV技术分别建立反舰导弹的作战效能模型和总拥有费用模型,并以权衡空间为约束条件,以费用最低为目标,建立保障性指标权衡优化模型。该方法可以为导弹武器装备保障性指标论证工作提供必要的理论基础和技术支持。     

Attitude Control Considering Variable Input Saturation Limit for a Spacecraft Equipped with Flywheels

A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guarantee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter’s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.     

可调静子旋转凸台位置对端区流动的影响

对包含凸台的可调静子模型进行简化,研究了不同凸台位置对端区流动的影响.通过实验测量与数值模拟对比可以发现:可调静子端区流动损失主要是由叶片气动负荷引起的泄漏及气流绕过凸台造成的掺混2个部分组成;通过合理优化设计,将凸台置于气动负荷高的叶片前缘并覆盖尽可能多的前缘间隙,能够有效降低损失,改善气动性能.      

Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Effects on Thrust and Inlet Pressure of an Air-breathing Pulse Detonation Engine

Nozzle effects on thrust and inlet pressure of a multi-cycle air-breathing pulse detonation engine (APDE) are investigated experimentally. An APDE with 68 mm in diameter and 2 050 mm in length is operated using gasoline/air mixture. Straight nozzle, converging nozzle, converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle are tested. The results show that thrust augmentation of converging-diverging nozzle, diverging nozzle or straight nozzle is better than that of converging nozzle on the whole. Thrust augmentation of straight nozzle is worse than those of converging-diverging nozzle and diverging nozzle. Thrust augmentations of diverging nozzle with larger expansion ratio and converging-diverging nozzle with larger throat area range from 20% to 40% on tested frequencies and are better than those of congeneric other nozzles respectively. Nozzle effects on inlet pressure are also researched. At each frequency it is indicated that filling pressures and average peak pressures of inlet with diverging nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle with large throat cross section area are higher than those with straight nozzle and converging nozzle. Pressures near thrust wall increase in an increase order from without nozzle, with diverging nozzle, straight nozzle and converging-diverging nozzle to converging nozzle.     

火星气囊气体发生器充气过程稳压仿真研究

文章对低温和常温环境下的气囊稳压充气过程的参数进行了仿真计算。主要分析计算了气囊内外壁的对流换热、囊内气体与囊壁间辐射以及水蒸气液化等传热方式的传热量。同时,计算了在不同环境温度下,气囊内气体温度、充气质量以及充气质量流率随时间的变化关系。分析结果可以为工程研制提供参考和数据支持。