空间碎片再入烧蚀预测与地面安全评估软件系统

再人航天器解体产生的空间碎片在高速气体加热作用下发生烧蚀,残存碎片对地面造成很大威胁.开发空间碎片再入烧蚀预测与地面安全评估软件系统(DRAPS),建立碎片三自由度(3DOF)弹道模型,在连续流,自由分子流和过渡区流分别采用牛顿流模型、无碰撞分子动理论和桥函数方法进行碎片气动力/气动热预测,利用零维或一维热传导模型模拟...     

Space Debris Reentry Analysis Methods and Tools

The reentry of uncontrolled spacecraft may be broken into many pieces of debris at an altitude in the range of 75-85 km. The surviving fragments could pose great hazard and risk to ground and people. In recent years, methods and tools for predicting and analyzing debris reentry and ground risk assessment have been studied and developed in National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA) and other organizations, including the group of the present authors. This paper reviews the current progress on this topic of debris reentry briefly. We outline the Monte Carlo method for uncertainty analysis, breakup prediction, and parameters affecting survivability of debris. The existing analysis tools can be classified into two categories, i.e. the object-oriented and the spacecraft-oriented methods, the latter being more accurate than the first one. The past object-oriented tools include objects of only simple shapes. For more realistic simulation, here we present an object-oriented tool debris reentry and ablation prediction system (DRAPS) developed by the present authors, which introduces new object shapes to 15 types, as well as 51 predefined motions and relevant aerodynamic and aerothermal models. The aerodynamic and aerothermal models in DRAPS are validated using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method.     

基于螺旋桨特性的活塞发动机涡轮废气阀的调节

通过发动机螺旋桨功率特性分析,对巡航状况下增压发动机涡轮废气调节阀的调节规律进行了研究,并且预测飞机的经济运行状态.对飞机在4000m海拔高度以恒定速度180km/h巡航工况进行了研究,调节涡轮废气放气阀开度控制空气盒的目标压力,桨距角的变化随螺旋桨特性曲线进行调节.运行的结果显示,通过变桨距调节和涡轮废气阀调节的共同作用,可实现与增压器匹配的压气机运行在68%~76%的高效率区域.      

某型飞机电液压力伺服阀常见故障分析

作为防滑刹车系统中的重要组件之一,电液压力伺服阀对飞机防滑刹车系统的可靠性起着关键性作用,但通常其故障率较高.本文以某型飞机为背景详细论述了飞机防滑刹车系统中电液压力伺服阀的结构组成、工作原理、常见故障现象、原因及改进方法.     

主燃油调节器加速控制器挡板活门故障分析及预防措施

针对因挡板活门失效而导致发动机试车不成功或在飞行中出现故障的情况,从挡板活门的构造、修理、装配、调试等方面入手,分析故障原因,并提出了相应的预防措施。     

液体介质柱塞阀内部密封结构的研究

随着飞机液冷系统以及液体介质系统的发展,对柱塞阀的需求日益增长,为满足需要,公司对液体介质柱塞阀开展了一系列的研究。本文以某型号研制的柱塞阀为例,针对用户关注的产品密封性指标,进行了密封结构设计,特别对柱塞阀故障率较高的内部密封结构进行了深层次研究,识别出关键因素,制定了措施,为后续产品的研制提供了可以借鉴的经验。     

气体压力对钛合金电火花诱导烧蚀加工的影响

氧气在电火花(EDM)诱导烧蚀加工过程中起到参与氧化放热、蚀除金属和冷却的作用。以气体压力为研究对象,通过理论推导,证明增加气体压力可提高气体流速、减小气体分子平均自由程、提高氧化扩散速度和气体蚀除力以及加速能量散失。通过测得不同气体压力下的击穿电压、击穿延时和工作电压,试验证实了气体压力对击穿电压和击穿延时有较大影响;通过建立EDM诱导烧蚀加工放电等效模型,表明工作电压变化是由电极和工件表面氧化引起的。研究了气体压力对EDM诱导烧蚀加工材料蚀除率(MRR)、相对电极损耗(REWR)和表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:随着气体压力增大,材料蚀除率先增加后降低,电极相对损耗缓慢减小,表面粗糙度显著降低。     

Pulsed laser interactions with space debris: Target shape effects

Among the approaches to the proposed mitigation and remediation of the space debris problem is the de-orbiting of objects in low Earth orbit through irradiation by ground-based high-intensity pulsed lasers. Laser ablation of a thin surface layer causes target recoil, resulting in the depletion of orbital angular momentum and accelerated atmospheric re-entry. However, both the magnitude and direction of the recoil are shape dependent, a feature of the laser-based remediation concept that has received little attention. Since the development of a predictive capability is desirable, we have investigated the dynamical response to ablation of objects comprising a variety of shapes. We derive and demonstrate a simple analytical technique for calculating the ablation-driven transfer of linear momentum, emphasizing cases for which the recoil is not exclusively parallel to the incident beam. For the purposes of comparison and contrast, we examine one case of momentum transfer in the low-intensity regime, where photon pressure is the dominant momentum transfer mechanism, showing that shape and orientation effects influence the target response in a similar, but not identical, manner. We address the related problem of target spin and, by way of a few simple examples, show how ablation can alter the spin state of a target, which often has a pronounced effect on the recoil dynamics.     

电磁阀动态响应特性的有限元仿真与优化设计

 利用有限元分析软件Maxwell 2D/3D计算电磁阀的动态响应特性,仿真出其工作电流曲线和磁化曲线,并进行变参数化设计,由此可实现对电磁阀设计方案的评估和优化。通过对比仿真结果和产品实测数据,证明了这种有限元设计方法行之有效。     

带芯子的碳—碳端头烧蚀外形计算

对电弧加热器试验条件下端头的烧蚀外形进行了数值仿真，考察了碳－碳端头烧蚀外形随来流条件的变化规律，重点研究了将碳－碳端头体轴附近材料换成由另一种烧蚀速度较快的材料制成的芯子后的匹配烧蚀问题，揭示芯子对烧蚀外形的影响规律。