接触器熔焊所致飞机整机断电故障分析及其预防措施

针对一起由接触器熔焊导致赛斯纳172R飞机整机断电的故障现象，对该机型接触器的工作原理展开了研究，深入分析了接触器发生熔焊的机理和引起触头熔焊失效的原因，从操作者和维护者的角度提出预防触头熔焊的防范建议和排除类似故障的具体方案。     

磁力研磨法去除燃油喷嘴积碳的试验研究

针对燃油喷嘴大修再制造中积碳难去除的问题。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析喷嘴表面积碳的微观形貌和成分组成，为磁力研磨技术去除积碳方法的确定和工艺研究奠定基础。从旋转磁场的产生原理、磁针在磁场中受力和磁针在磁场中运动三方面综合分析了磁力研磨法的材料去除机理。采用电磁研磨装置对喷嘴进行积碳去除试验，运用响应面分析法分析旋转磁场转速、磁针的型号尺寸和研磨时间的交互作用对材料去除量和表面粗糙度的影响规律，确定试验的最佳工艺参数。最优的工艺参数为：磁针型号尺寸Ø0.8 mm×5 mm，旋转磁场转速1 000 r/min，研磨时间40 min。通过微观形貌的观测以及表面应力检测分析，综合评价研磨后的喷嘴表面质量。结果表明，研磨后的喷嘴表面积碳基本去除，表面光滑，残余应力明显下降，金相组织完好。经过专业测试，研磨后的残余积碳小于技术要求规定值。采用磁力研磨技术，可以有效去除燃油喷嘴表面积碳，去除效率高，技术环保，满足绿色再制造的要求。     

Economic assessment of high-thrust and solar-sail propulsion for near-earth asteroid mining

Asteroid mining has the potential to greatly reduce the cost of in-space manufacturing, production of propellant for space transportation and consumables for crewed spacecraft, compared to launching the required resources from the Earth’s deep gravity well. This paper discusses the top-level mission architecture and trajectory design for these resource-return missions, comparing high-thrust trajectories with continuous low-thrust solar-sail trajectories. The paper focuses on maximizing the economic Net Present Value, which takes the time-cost of finance into account and therefore balances the returned resource mass and mission duration. The different propulsion methods are compared in terms of maximum economic return and sets of attainable target asteroids. Results for transporting resources to geostationary orbit show that the orbital parameter hyperspace of suitable target asteroids is considerably larger for solar sails, allowing for more flexibility in selecting potential target asteroids. Also, results show that the Net Present Value that can be realized is larger when employing solar sailing instead of chemical propulsion. In addition, it is demonstrated that a higher Net Present Value can be realized when transporting volatiles to the Lunar Gateway instead of geostationary orbit. The paper provides one more step towards making commercial asteroid mining an economically viable reality by integrating trajectory design, propulsion technology and economic modelling.     

Novel active driven drop tower facility for microgravity experiments investigating production technologies on the example of substrate-free additive manufacturing

Through the striving of humanity into space, new production processes and technologies for the use under microgravity will be essential in the future. Production of objects in space demands for new processes, like additive manufacturing. This paper presents the concept and the realization for a new machine to investigate microgravity production processes on earth. The machine is based on linear long stator drives and a vacuum chamber carrying up to 1000?kg. For the first time high repetition rate and associated low experimental costs can provide basic research. The paper also introduces the substrate-free additive manufacturing as a future research topic and one of our primary application.     

三结砷化镓太阳电池真空连续激光损伤效应

采用1 315 nm波长连续激光,在真空环境下辐照三结砷化镓太阳电池,通过对比辐照前后电池IV、QE等表征数据,研究三结砷化镓太阳电池的损伤效应,并对其损伤机理进行分析。结果表明:当激光功率密度为8 W/cm~2、辐照时间为60 s时,三结砷化镓太阳电池辐照后电性能下降显著,转化效率衰降超过70%。损伤机理是在热损伤与应力损伤的综合作用下,引起电池串联电阻(R_s)、并联电阻(R_(sh))的恶化,且Rsh是衡量电池损坏的关键指标。该结果可以为三结砷化镓太阳电池在激光损伤机理与无线能量传输方面的研究提供一定的参考。     

电弧增材制造7075铝合金的微观组织与力学性能

7xxx系铝合金电弧增材制造过程中因组织不均匀与元素偏析导致成形试样性能较低,针对这一问题,对电弧增材制造7075铝合金薄壁件进行固溶+人工时效热处理(T6态),对比研究了热处理前后微观组织与力学性能的变化。结果表明,7075铝合金沉积态试样中晶粒被网状共晶组织包围,Zn、Mg和Cu元素在晶界富集,产生元素偏析。经过T6态热处理后,大部分共晶组织溶解,元素分布的不均匀性得到明显改善。与沉积态试样相比,热处理后试样的抗拉强度与断后伸长率增加,抗拉强度从(279.4±5.3)MPa提高至(493.9±10.2)MPa,断后伸长率从3.78%±0.35%增加到9.66%±1.70%。T6态试样的拉伸断口表面密布着韧窝,断裂方式为韧性断裂。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel by laser melting deposition

 Laser melting deposition was carried out to deposit a 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel bar on a wrought bar of same material. Room-temperature tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample were evaluated, and microstructure, fracture surface morphology, and hardness profile were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a hardness tester. Results show that the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample consists of laser deposited zone, wrought substrate zone, and heat affected zone (HAZ) of the wrought substrate. The laser deposited zone has coarse columnar prior austenite grains and fine well-aligned dendritic structure, while the HAZ of the wrought substrate has equiaxed prior austenite grains which are notably finer than those in the wrought substrate zone. Besides, austenitic transformation mechanism of the HAZ of the wrought substrate is different from that of the laser deposited zone during the reheating period of the laser deposition, which determines the different prior austenite grain morphologies of the two zones. Microhardness values of both the laser deposited zone and the HAZ of the wrought substrate are higher than that of the wrought substrate zone. Tensile properties of the hybrid fabricated 1Cr12Ni2WMoVNb steel sample are comparable to those of the wrought bar, and fracture occurs in the wrought substrate zone during the tensile test.     

消融控制电弧等离子体发生器放电特性的实验研究

通过衬套材料消融补充等离子体从而控制电弧生长的技术具有很好的应用前景。利用一个总贮能800kJ的模块化电容基脉冲功率源系统为消融控制电弧等离子体发生器强流放电提供电能输入，在一定的参数变化范围内，实验研究了脉冲功率源初始放电参数、等离子体发生器几何参数以及消融材料对消融控制电弧放电特性的影响规律。借助于理论分析，也可定性获得消融控制电弧等离子体压力和温度对上述影响参量变化的依赖关系。     

Thermospheric neutral density response to solar forcing

Recent measurements by the Solar EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet) Experiment (SEE) aboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite (TIMED) provide solar EUV spectral irradiance with adequate spectral and temporal resolution, and thus the opportunity to use solar measurements directly in upper atmospheric general circulation models. Thermospheric neutral density is simulated with the NCAR Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) using TIMED/SEE measurements and using the EUVAC solar proxy model. Neutral density is also calculated using the NRLMSISE-00 empirical model. These modeled densities are then compared to density measurements derived from satellite drag data. It is found that using measured solar irradiance in the general circulation model can improve density calculations compared to using the solar proxy model. It is also found that the general circulation model can improve upon the empirical model in simulating geomagnetic storm effects and the solar cycle variation of neutral density.     

不同几何结构对燃油喷嘴热防护特性的影响

试验研究了不同管路结构对燃油结焦性能的影响,结果表明,在1 000 K、150 m/s来流条件和400 K、05 m/s燃油条件下,减小弯管角度和突扩管路的突扩尺寸可以降低结焦附着,且在对管路加热的初始阶段中,结焦量随时间增加会出现波动,在加热15 min时管壁结焦量达到最大,壁面上部分结焦的脱落使结焦量降低。随后,采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法研究了喷嘴和喷嘴帽罩结构对热防护特性的影响。结果表明,主、副油路同心布置的喷嘴具有最好的热防护效果,在所试验工况下最高可降低湿壁温度近50%,甚至优于带空气隔热层的模型。而喷嘴帽罩对喷嘴出口油温的降低有限,但减小帽罩与喷嘴体的接触或在接触面处填充低热导率的材料仍是有效的改进措施,可降低出口油温约5 K。研究结果对喷嘴的热防护设计具有指导作用。