How do interplanetary shock impact angles control the size of the geoeffective magnetosphere?

In this paper, we investigate temporal and spatial magnetosphere response to the impact of interplanetary (IP) shocks with different inclinations and speeds on the Earth’s magnetosphere. A data set with more than 500 IP shocks is used to identify positive sudden impulse (SI⁺) events as expressed by the SuperMAG partial ring current index. The SI⁺ rise time (RT), defined as the time interval between compression onset and maximum SI⁺ signature, is obtained for each event. We use RT and a model suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002) to calculate the geoeffective magnetospheric distance (GMD) in the shock propagation direction as a function of shock impact angle and speed for each event. GMD is a generalization of the geoeffective magnetosphere length (GML) suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002), defined from the subsolar point along the X line toward the tail. We estimate statistical GMD and GML values which are then reported for the first time. We also show that, similarly to well-known results for RT, the highest correlation coefficient for the GMD and impact angle is found for shocks with high speeds and small impact angles, and the faster and more frontal the shock, the smaller the GMD. This result indicates that the magnetospheric response depends heavily on shock impact angle. With these results, we argue that the prediction and forecasting of space weather events, such as those caused by coronal mass ejections, will not be accurately accomplished if the disturbances’ angles of impact are not considered as an important parameter within model and observation scheme capabilities.     

反向交叉眼对单脉冲雷达干扰效果分析及仿真验证

交叉眼干扰被认为是对单脉冲雷达干扰最有效的方式之一。基于雷达方程建立了隔离平台回波下的两点源反向交叉眼干扰模型,推导了交叉眼干扰欺骗角一般性公式,研究了干扰机发射天线间距、干扰平台旋转角和干扰机相对雷达之间距离等参数变化对角度欺骗效果的影响,并依据单脉冲雷达接收机获取角度的信息处理流程,建立了单脉冲雷达接收机仿真模型,对交叉眼数学模型的正确性和局限性进行了分析。研究结果表明：单脉冲雷达越靠近两点源交叉眼干扰机中心线、干扰机两发射天线间距越大、与干扰机距离越近时,角度欺骗效果越好;单脉冲雷达的欺骗角度随着与干扰机距离的接近呈指数式增大;数学模型和仿真模型计算的单脉冲雷达角度误差最大值随干扰机天线与雷达天线中心连线的夹角的增大呈指数化增长。研究可为交叉眼干扰工程设计作参考。     

Statistical characteristics of low latitude Pc4s: Influence of solar wind and IMF parameters

Pc4 signatures for the year 2013, extracted from geomagnetic north–south and east–west components of induction coil magnetometer (LEMI 30) from low latitude station Desalpar (DSP), operated by Institute of Seismological Research (ISR), India have been investigated vis-à-vis the prevalent interplanetary parameters (IMF) as well as the geomagnetic activity indices. A clear dominance of Pc4-5 (467 events) over Pc3 (17 events) is observed. Local time variation of Pc4 shows a peak in the noon sector in both X and Y components. Our investigations show that the dominant peak frequency is 10 mHz at low latitude region. Correlations with solar wind and IMF parameters illustrate highest occurrence of Pc4 for a solar wind speed of 300–400 km/s and average IMF B field of 3–6 nT. The amplitude of Pc4s at DSP shows an increase with increasing solar wind speed, plasma density, solar wind dynamic pressure and average B field which is also reflected in the trend of frequency variation of these pulsations. We report that IMF clock angle at low latitude does not have influence on Pc4 occurrence. Based on the characteristics of these events, detected in latitudinally distributed stations from low and mid-latitudes from northern and southern hemisphere, we infer that modes were compressional, which could be driven by K-H instability or solar wind dynamic pressure, as compressional modes can propagate to low latitude with little attenuation.     

高超声速滑翔再入定向定速打击末制导算法

以具有终端落角和落速约束的小升阻比短距滑翔高超声速再入打击飞行器为研究对象,通过引入弹道调整段来实现对飞行器的初步大幅度减速,并使其满足中末制导交班条件,以解决飞行器捕获目标后难以直接对其进行定向定速打击的问题。首先设计了一种变角偏差反馈系数的偏置比例制导律,解决了末端攻击段弹道下压困难以及导引头视场稳定跟踪等问题。在此基础上,建立了一种基于攻角和弹道倾角估计的末端减速指令生成方法,有效解决了基于理想速度曲线减速控制方法精度不足的问题。因此,数值仿真结果表明该制导方案能够有效控制飞行器终端落角和落速,并具有较高的制导精度。     

经济型月球探测器精确定点软着陆制导算法

针对未来经济型月球探测器精确定点软着陆问题,考虑发动机特性及终端状态约束,对主减速段制导算法进行了研究。首先考虑到未来月球通信网络的建立和资源的利用,提出了一种探测器在环月极轨道运行时的月面着陆点全覆盖环月调相策略。然后在北东地坐标系下建立软着陆主减速段的质心动力学模型,依据动力学模型将探测器的运动分为纵向平面运动和横向运动并分别设计在线闭环制导律。纵向平面运动采用改进显式制导算法,并基于有限推力思想和主减速段误差传播特性设计了满足终端航向位置约束的点火角修正策略;对于横向运动控制,首先基于ZEM/ZEV最优反馈制导律给出横向制导指令,然后采用PWPF将连续形式的制导指令调制为脉冲形式。仿真结果表明了该制导律能够满足所有终端状态约束,具有燃耗次优性、自主性、实时性和一定的鲁棒性,同时易于工程实现。     

推力矢量发动机燃气舵舵间干扰的数值分析

通过求解N-S方程,对某空空导弹燃气舵在不同状况下的三维湍流干扰流场进行数值仿真,得到了燃气舵在不同舵偏角下绕流流场的复杂波系结构,计算了测量舵在无干扰舵和有干扰舵情况下升力和阻力等参量随舵偏角的变化曲线。所得舵间干扰相对误差不超过2%,与实际要求相吻合。结果表明,所采用的流动模型和数值模拟方法对燃气舵的气动性能进行预示是有效的。     

基于一维相控阵引信的起爆控制算法研究

工程上实现最佳引战配合要求导弹战斗部最大破片密度方向瞄准目标要害部位。基于一维相控阵引信的波束控制技术,推导了最佳起爆角和起爆延时算法,并研究了一种改进卡尔曼滤波方法在此算法中的应用。该滤波算法将球坐标系中导弹导引头的测量信息转换到直角坐标系下进行滤波,同时消除了由于坐标转换而引起的偏差。仿真结果表明,该滤波算法的应用能得到很高的最佳起爆角和起爆延时估计精度。     

考虑探测构形的多飞行器协同探测与制导一体化设计

针对多飞行器协同拦截机动目标时几何构形会影响协同探测和制导效果的问题,基于最优控制理论提出一种考虑探测构形的协同探测与制导一体化设计方法。基于飞行器相对运动学、动力学方程和双视线协同探测原理,建立了协同拦截模型。在制导设计中引入视线分离角参量以调制协同探测几何构形、减小相对距离探测误差,从而在制导全程增强协同探测效果。将相对距离协同探测结果应用到剩余时间和制导律解算中,基于最优控制理论实现协同探测与制导环节一体化设计。仿真结果表明：在目标进行不同程度机动的情况下,与修正比例导引律相比,所提方法在协同探测和制导方面均具有明显优势。     

复杂结构模压模具的加工方法

分析了模压模具结构形状上的特点和其空间角度及尺寸加工上的难点,由于该模具结构形状复杂,加工精度要求高,其空间角度和尺寸在普通设备加工保证较为困难。重点阐明了利用现有的普通加工设备,采取相应的工艺方案来保证模具工件的空间角度及尺寸的加工方法。