基于S型测试工作量函数的软件可靠性增长模型

软件测试工作量随时间的变化情况对于软件可靠性增长曲线的形状具有显著影响,因此将测试工作量函数(TEF,Testing Effort Function)引入软件可靠性增长模型(SRGM,Software Reliability Growth Model)中以提高软件可靠性评估性能.分析了软件结构特征及学习因素对实际测试过程的综合影响,研究增长速率为先增后减的S型增长趋势的TEF,提出两种S型TEF,即延迟S型TEF与变形S型TEF,并提出考虑延迟S型TEF的SRGM(DSTEF-SRGM)以及变形S型TEF的SRGM(ISTEF-SRGM).在两组真实失效数据集上,进行了这两种SRGM与经典SRGM及其它考虑TEF的SRGM的对比研究.结果表明,ISTEF-SRGM的模型拟合效果最优,同时验证了该模型具有优越的软件可靠性评估性能及模型适应性.      

航空发动机涡轮盘裂纹扩展分析

在计算分析含有角裂纹等厚空心盘应力强度因子基础上,针对某涡轮盘螺栓孔周向应力最大处建立孔边角裂纹的有限元模型;利用J积分法,计算得到不同尺寸裂纹前沿的应力强度因子;采用2自由度法描述扩展过程中裂纹前沿形状的发展,对角裂纹引起的轮盘裂纹扩展过程进行了有限元模拟;最后得到涡轮盘的裂纹扩展寿命。     

Progress of microgravity material research during the period of 2007—2009

Orbital experimental researches on crystal growth of Mn-doped GaSb and Bi2Se0.21Te2.79 are briefly summarized. The space experiments were completed in September of 2007 on broad the Foton-M3 satellite of Russia. Ground-based researches on the solidification behaviors of Al-Al3Ni, Al-Al2Cu, Ag-Cu eutectic, Al-Pb monotectic and Cu-Co peritectic alloys in a 50-meter-high drop tube were investigated. New experimental results on the ultrasonic field and the temperature recycling induced to chiral symmetry breaking of NaClO3 crystal also were reported in the present paper.      

考虑喷注流强分布的纵向稳定性建模与分析

喷注器流强分布是除声学阻尼装置以外使液体火箭发动机稳定工作的重要措施,通过控制喷注流强分布使推进剂的燃烧尽量远离主要振型的波腹区,减少热声耦合振荡的能量源,从而达到抑制高频振荡的效果。因此,建立喷注流强分布与稳定性之间的综合分析模型,研究流强分布的不稳定性抑制特性具有重要实际意义。针对采用自击式喷嘴器、液滴蒸发作为燃烧速率控制过程的某自燃推进剂缩尺燃烧室高频纵向燃烧不稳定问题,近似采用蒸发速率峰值区代替集中燃烧释热区,引入燃烧室三维声学控制方程以考虑多喷嘴条件下燃烧响应空间分布,建立了针对喷注器流强分布条件下的高频纵向燃烧稳定性分析模型,并对喷注流强的稳定性抑制特性进行了分析,给出了不同分布流强下燃烧室一阶纵向信号的增长率变化规律。研究表明,喷注流强分布有利于燃烧室稳定,"驼峰区"喷注孔径的增大对改善高频纵向不稳定性更为显著,"驼峰区"流强增加30%,相应的增长率降低15%。     

含腐蚀预损伤铝合金2024-T62的疲劳断裂行为及基于断裂力学的寿命预测

针对2024-T62铝合金薄板系统地开展了腐蚀预损伤对材料疲劳S-N曲线、小裂纹萌生行为、长短疲劳裂纹扩展及物理小裂纹门槛值扩展行为的影响等试验研究.结果表明:腐蚀预损伤对材料疲劳S-N曲线及材料疲劳小裂纹萌生行为有明显的影响,但时材料长短裂纹扩展及物理小裂纹门槛值扩展行为没有明显的影响.通过假定腐蚀预损伤为初始小裂纹...     

系统可靠性增长评估模型研究

根据系统在研制期间故障强度变化规律,考虑故障间隔时间影响的情况下,提出了广义可靠性增长评估模型,分析了其参数特性,并给出了拟合优度检验方法;然后,给出了定时截尾和定数截尾情况下,模型参数的极大似然估计公式,采用Simpson方法将积分函数化为求和函数,使得参数估计计算方便,给出了趋势检验方法给出了可靠性增长评估公式;最后,结合发动机故障数据进行了的实例分析,结果表明,模型对试验数据拟合较好,评估结果符合工程实际,模型具有实际应用价值.      

可靠性增长的单调约束模型

大型复杂产品研制过程中每一阶段的试验数据通常具有小样本特征.对此在产品可靠性评估中,提出使用约束条件,即"下一阶段可靠度真值总是大于前一阶段",综合利用产品多阶段试验数据的方法.产品研制过程中可靠性通常是增长的,因此这种方法具有广泛的适用性.在上述约束条件下,可靠度被看作一个随机变量.首先推导出了可靠度在此条件下的分布函数表达式,然后给出了一种近似计算方法,最后通过一个实例与仅使用单阶段试验数据的评估结果作了对比.由于该方法的约束条件简单且可以求得可靠度的分布函数,因此其工程适应性强于传统的AMSAA(Army Materiel System Analysis Activity)模型,并能获得Duane模型无法给出的可靠度区间估计.     

Instability of the present LEO satellite populations

Several studies conducted during 1991–2001 demonstrated, with some assumed launch rates, the future unintended growth potential of the Earth satellite population, resulting from random, accidental collisions among resident space objects. In some low Earth orbit (LEO) altitude regimes where the number density of satellites is above a critical spatial density, the production rate of new breakup debris due to collisions would exceed the loss of objects due to orbital decay.     

航空工业技术进步的经济效益分析

运用非中性技术进步模型对航空工业1954年～1988年的技术进步与经济增长情况进行了定量研究,所得结论是:在航空工业35年的发展过程中,劳动投入增长对产出增长的贡献是第一位的,其次是技术进步增长,最后是资本投入增长。文章最后对我国航空工业的技术进步与经济增长政策提出两点建议。     

Geometry and size optimization of stiffener layout for three-dimensional box structures with maximization of natural frequencies

Based on the growth mechanism of natural biological branching systems and inspiration from the morphology of plant root tips, a bionic design method called Improved Adaptive Growth Method (IAGM) has been proposed in the authors’ previous research and successfully applied to the reinforcement optimization of three-dimensional box structures with respect to natural frequencies. However, as a kind of ground structure methods, the final layout patterns of stiffeners obtained by using the IAGM are highly subjected to their ground structures, which restricts the optimization effect and freedom to further improve the dynamic performance of structures. To solve this problem, a novel post-processing geometry and size optimization approach is proposed in this article. This method takes the former layout optimization result as start, and iteratively finds the optimal layout angles, locations, and lengths of stiffeners with a few design variables by optimizing the positions of some specific node lines called active node lines. At the same time, thicknesses of stiffeners are also optimized to further improve natural frequencies of three-dimensional box structures. Using this method, stiffeners can be successfully separated from their ground structures and further effectively improve natural frequencies of three-dimensional box structures with less material consumption. Typical numerical examples are illustrated to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the suggested method.