某型无人机螺旋桨的设计与气动性能分析

为了提高某型无人机(UAV)的航时,螺旋桨应该具有高的巡航效率、足够的爬升拉力.利用高效率螺旋桨设计方法设计了某型无人机的两叶木质螺旋桨,获得了螺旋桨的弦长和桨叶角分布,基于片条理论计算了螺旋桨的气动性能,进行了螺旋桨的地面静态试验.结果表明:螺旋桨性能计算结果与台架试验结果具有较好的一致性,螺旋桨性能计算的巡航效率为...     

典型亚声速飞翼布局无人机红外隐身特性分析

隐身技术作为提高作战生存力的关键环节,是复杂对抗环境下武器装备信息化作战的最重要技术指标。飞翼布局以其独特的隐身优势,成为无人作战飞机首选布局形式。文章以超低RCS亚声速飞翼布局无人机平台为基础,从多频谱隐身特征平衡设计出发,针对其采用低发射率材料前后的红外隐身特性进行了对比分析,验证了红外隐身措施的有效性。     

无人机载MiniSAR实时成像处理GPU异步优化

合成孔径雷达(SAR)以其全天候、全天时的工作特性及其分辨率不随平台高度变化的成像特性，已成为航天遥感、目标检测领域重要的传感器之一。SAR算法复杂度往往与成像分辨率呈正相关，其中计算量问题成为雷达成像实时性的一大挑战。无人机载MiniSAR具有小型化、低功耗、灵活性强和隐蔽性强等优点，其小型化使设备计算能力受限，加剧了复杂度与分辨率之间的矛盾。图形处理单元(GPU)和多线程技术发展迅速，为无人机载MiniSAR实时成像提供了平台。本文根据实时处理机数据流和GPU异构系统的特点，提出了一种GPU异步优化方案，该方案可明显提高中央处理单元(CPU)与GPU之间的并行工作效率，节约大部分的数据存取开销。实验结果证明:GPU的成像效率是单CPU系统的12倍左右，在此基础上，使用GPU异步优化方案后效率可继续提升15%左右。本文提出的设计思路可显著缓解无人机载MiniSAR的实时成像计算压力。     

Multi-agent Q-Learning control of spacecraft formation flying reconfiguration trajectories

This paper presents a novel approach based on multi-agent reinforcement learning for spacecraft formation flying reconfiguration tracking problems. In this scheme, spacecrafts learn the control strategy via transfer learning. For this matter, a new generalized discounted value function is introduced for the tracking problems. Due to the digital nature of spacecraft computer systems, local optimal controllers are developed for the spacecrafts in discrete-time. The stability of the controller is proven. Two Q-learning algorithms are proposed, in each of which the optimal control solution is learned on-line without knowledge about the system dynamics. In the first algorithm, each agent learns the optimal control independently. In the second one, each agent shares the learned information with other agents. Next, the collision avoidance capability is provided. The effectiveness of the presented schemes is verified through simulations and compared with each other.     

未知动态环境下有人/无人机协同搜救研究

针对未知动态环境下搜救效率和智能化水平不高的问题，提出了一种基于变步长模型预测控制的有人机/无人机协同搜救方式。根据环境的动态变化性和探测的不确定性，建立了表示环境确定度和目标探测概率的动态搜救图模型，根据态势信息选择时间域步长，并根据有人机/无人机协同搜救任务特点，设计了搜救收益指标，并利用粒子群优化进行求解。仿真结果表明了本文方法的有效性和优越性。     

一种可重复出水两栖无人飞行器多循环推进系统方案

针对一种可重复出水的两栖无人飞行器（UAV）总体方案及任务需求，提出一种水下采用泵喷水推进、出水采用液体火箭发动机推进、空中巡航采用涡扇发动机推进的多循环推进系统方案。根据推进系统技术发展现状、趋势，不同发动机循环特点、各阶段推力需求及多循环任务需求，开展了多循环方案设计方法研究，并计算出典型推进系统方案尺寸、质量、任务剖面燃油消耗质量等参数，验证了推进系统多循环方案及其设计方法的可行性，结果表明：综合未来飞行器及推进系统技术发展水平，所设计的多循环推进系统方案，能够实现无人飞行器可重复出水需求，其中能源需求占全机总质量的比例为26%左右。     

Robust optimal sliding mode control for the deployment of Coulomb spacecraft formation flying

Inter-spacecraft electrostatic force (Coulomb force) is desirable for close formation flying control because of its propellant-less and free contaminate characteristics attributed to the propellant exhaust emission. This paper presents robust optimal sliding mode control to deal with the problem of thruster saturation in tracking the formation trajectory for Coulomb spacecraft formation flying. The robust controller design is based on optimal control theory as a linear quadratic system, and it is augmented with an integral sliding mode control technique. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed using the second Lyapunov method. The developed controller outperforms the existing ones, because it has a higher degree of fine-tuning to cope with the uncertainty. Numerical simulations are employed to confirm the efficiency of the developed controller.     

“田园一号”微推进系统设计与性能测试

针对“田园一号”微纳星编队飞行任务的技术需求，开展了微推进系统的总体设计。常规冷气推进由于其比冲低、贮存压力高、结构复杂，难以满足微纳卫星需求。选择R134a作为推进工质，通过将推进剂液化，减小系统体积。基于3D打印技术，设计贮箱、稳压罐、管路一体的推进系统。采用MEMS加工工艺，设计并研制出电加热喷口，从而提高系统比冲。分析了不同喷口尺寸、供气压力以及温度下所产生的推力和比冲大小，确定出喷口设计。表征测试所研制的电加热喷口，结果表明喷口加工误差控制在2%以内。真空条件下，采用扭摆测量系统测试推力器推进性能，测试结果表明，当稳压罐内气体压力在0.1～0.2 MPa变化时，推力大小为5～10 mN。当喷气温度从25℃升至95℃时，推进系统比冲可提升10%以上。     

Prediction of electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance

To overcome the problems encountered in predicting the endurance of electricpowered fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs),which were stemmed from the dynamic changes in electric power system efficiency and battery discharge characteristics under different operating conditions,the required battery power model and battery discharge model were studied.The required battery power model was determined using an approximate model of electric power system efficiency based on wind tunnel testing and the self-adaptive penalty function.Furthermore,current correction and ambient temperature correction terms were proposed for the trained Kriging model representing the discharge characteristics under standard operation,and then the discharged capacity-terminal voltage model was established.Through numerical integration of this model with the required battery power model,the electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance prediction model was obtained.Laboratory tests indicated that the proposed endurance model could precisely calculate the battery discharge time and accurately describe the battery discharge process.The similarity of the theoretical and flight test results reflected the accuracy of the proposed endurance model as well as the importance of considering dynamic changes in power system efficiency in endurance calculations.The proposed endurance model meeting precision requirements can be used in practical engineering applications.