超声马达的等效电路及其性能估算

从电路模拟的角度,讨论了超声马达的系统模型构成,建立了超声马达的系统等效电路模型。性能的仿真计算与实验结果表明：所建立的等效电路模型是有效的、可行的。     

乘波外形高超声速风洞测力试验研究

介绍利用气动设计方法构筑3种乘波外形模型在高超声速风洞中气动力测量的结果。试验Ma数为4.94、5.93和7.96,基于自由流条件的单位长度雷诺数分别为2.2×107/m、1.9×107/m和1.2×107/m。试验给出这3种构型模型在迎角范围-1°~8°下的力和力矩特性。讨论了Ma数和迎角变化对气动力和压力中心的影响,同时着重比较了3种乘波外形的升阻比特性。     

In-flight testing of the injection of the LISA Pathfinder test mass into a geodesic

LISA Pathfinder is a technology demonstrator space mission, aimed at testing key technologies for detecting gravitational waves in space. The mission is the precursor of LISA, the first space gravitational waves observatory, whose launch is scheduled for 2034. The LISA Pathfinder scientific payload includes two gravitational reference sensors (GRSs), each one containing a test mass (TM), which is the sensing body of the experiment. A mission critical task is to set each TM into a pure geodesic motion, i.e. guaranteeing an extremely low acceleration noise in the sub-Hertz frequency bandwidth. The grabbing positioning and release mechanism (GPRM), responsible for the injection of the TM into a geodesic trajectory, was widely tested on ground, with the limitations imposed by the 1-g environment. The experiments showed that the mechanism, working in its nominal conditions, is capable of releasing the TM into free-fall fulfilling the very strict constraint imposed on the TM residual velocity, in order to allow its capture on behalf of the electrostatic actuation.However, the first in-flight releases produced unexpected residual velocity components, for both the TMs. Moreover, all the residual velocity components were greater than maximum value set by the requirements. The main suspect is that unexpected contacts took place between the TM and the surroundings bodies. As a consequence, ad hoc manual release procedures had to be adopted for the few following injections performed during the nominal mission. These procedures still resulted in non compliant TM states which were captured only after impacts. However, such procedures seem not practicable for LISA, both for the limited repeatability of the system and for the unmanageable time lag of the telemetry/telecommand signals (about 4400 s). For this reason, at the end of the mission, the GPRM was deeply tested in-flight, performing a large number of releases, according to different strategies. The tests were carried out in order to understand the unexpected dynamics and limit its effects on the final injection. Some risk mitigation maneuvers have been tested aimed at minimizing the vibration of the system at the release and improving the alignment between the mechanism and the TM. However, no overall optimal release strategy to be implemented in LISA could be found, because the two GPRMs behaved differently.     

基于磁记忆技术对含缺陷焊缝的疲劳试验

对含有不同隐形损伤的40Cr焊板进行射线检测、疲劳试验和正交磁记忆信号测量，探索试件在疲劳应力作用下磁记忆信号的变化特征。试验结果表明：单一测量方式下的磁特征值不能表征焊板在疲劳循环载荷下的变化特征，所得结论存在偶然性；研究发现，可用磁场矢量梯度积分特征和磁场矢量合成梯度特征来评价焊板的疲劳损伤过程，并建立了以磁场矢量梯度特征为损伤参量的疲劳损伤模型，从而可以对含有隐形损伤焊接构件的疲劳寿命进行定量评估，为金属磁记忆技术在焊接缺陷定量评价上的进一步研究提供参考依据。     

Successes and challenges in non-destructive testing of aircraft composite structures

Composite materials are increasingly used in the aerospace industry. To fully realise the weight saving potential along with superior mechanical properties that composites offer in safety critical applications, reliable Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are required to prevent catastrophic failures. This paper will review the state of the art in the field and point to highlight the success and challenges that different NDT methods are faced to evaluate the integrity of critical aerospace composites. The focus will be on advanced certificated NDT methods for damage detection and characterization in composite laminates for use in the aircraft primary and secondary structures.     

纵-扭复合超声钻削TC4钛合金振动系统设计与试验

螺旋沟槽变幅杆能够实现超声振动模式的转换，对单激励纵-扭复合振动的实现具有结构简单和操作可行的优点。基于弹性波场论对超声波在复合变幅杆中发生模式转换的原因及振动特性进行分析，并从超声波的入射角入手，分析入射角对振动模态的影响。在圆锥复合变幅杆的圆锥段开设螺旋沟槽，建立三维模型，并进行有限元仿真和试验验证，结果表明超声波入射角的改变对纵-扭复合变幅杆的扭-纵比影响显著。当入射角为46.5°和67.2°时，在变幅杆的输出端纵振模态和扭振模态发生明显的变化，实测的扭-纵比前者较后者提高约5.1倍。通过普通钻削与超声钻削实验对比，在不同的入射角条件下，超声钻削的平均钻削力均低于普通钻削力。与入射角为67.2°时对比，当入射角为46.5°时，平均钻削力降低约46%，并提高了制孔的质量，从而为模态转换的纵-扭复合变幅杆设计提供一定的理论依据。     

陶瓷材料的超声辅助铣磨削加工技术

陶瓷材料由于具有高熔点、高硬度、高耐磨性、耐氧化、良好的绝缘性等优点，使得其在航天领域得到广泛的应用。针对陶瓷材料在常规机械加工过程中易引入微裂纹等非本征缺陷和残余应力等加工缺陷，通过对陶瓷材料特性的理论分析，引入超声振动加工方法。同时，对陶瓷材料超声振动加工的机理进行了分析，对比验证了普通磨削加工和超声辅助铣磨削加工的效果。采用仿真分析了超声加工过程中工件所受的切削压力和内应力云图，并从理论的角度进行了验证，实现了陶瓷材料产品表观质量的大幅提升，其表面粗糙度达到Ra0.56μm。     

大型薄壁多层编织铜超声焊接接头组织与性能

利用超声波焊接技术实现大平面超薄铜箔与多股双层镀银编织铜的焊接,该技术服役于将来的中国空间站。分析了不同参数对连接力学性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜对典型接头界面处的微观组织特征进行了分析,并采用有限元仿真的方式对连接行为进行了仿真。结果表明:采用超声波焊接实现了薄壁铜层与镀银编织铜的焊接,焊点连接面处组织致密,无明显缺陷;焊点连接处由Ag和Cu元素组成,焊接温度远未达到熔点,为低温连接行为,其连接机理为扩散连接;在焊接能量为120 J、0.276 MPa参数下,母材拉脱力可达到90 N。     

通信卫星真空热试验测试电缆集中控温方法

为解决通信卫星真空热试验中有效载荷的部分测试电缆工作温度超出正常区间导致电缆相位特性发生极大跃变的问题,文章设计了一种新型电缆控温方法,实现了测试电缆在真空低温复杂环境下的集中控温。在某新一代通信卫星真空热试验中,应用该集中控温方法后测试电缆网的温度被严格控制在40℃±5℃,单根电缆沿路径的温度差异被控制在±3℃之内,满足了星上有效载荷的时序和相位要求,提高了地面测试的准确性。     

推进剂利用及地面测试系统的故障分析与改进设计

简单介绍了某运载火箭推进剂利用系统及其地面测试系统的工作原理,针对试验中出现的故障问题进行综合试验,采用试验分析的方法,深入研究了试验过程及试验数据,进行精确故障定位,采用修正的判断准则对系统进行改进,试验证明改进效果良好,很好地解决了故障问题。