两种物态方程在超高速碰撞数值模拟中的比较

材料在超高速碰撞下将发生熔化甚至气化相变。为反映超高速碰撞中材料相变带来的影响,文章采用GRAY三相物态方程与Tillotson物态方程,对超高速碰撞进行数值模拟对比研究。研究表明:当碰撞速度在3 km/s以下时,除了靶板穿孔直径外,两种物态方程所给出的碎片云的结果基本一致;但当碰撞速度在3 km/s以上时,两种物态方程给出的数值模拟结果有较大差异,这说明在超高速碰撞中相变的产生对碎片云形状参数有较大影响。     

基于PVDF敏感器的空间碎片撞击航天器感知定位技术

从理论和实验两个方面开展了基于PVDF(Polyvinylidene Fluoride)压电薄膜敏感器的空间碎片撞击航天器感知定位技术研究,分析了基于双曲线理论的定位方法,并在理论分析的基础上,利用气枪和超高速弹道靶分别开展了平面铝板、曲面铝板等单层结构和Whipple结构下的验证实验。弹丸速度范围100m/s-3km/s,实验靶材为2mm厚的单层铝板和铝板厚为1mm、前后间距为10cm的Whipple结构,靶材上安装了4个PVDF传感器。研究结果表明：基于PVDF传感器的感知定位技术可实现空间碎片撞击航天器的位置定位,是一种可应用于航天器在轨感知空间碎片撞击系统的可选技术。     

虚拟仪器一仪器的新概念

从仪器的结构和性能特点方面，对虚拟仪器和传统仪器作了较详尽的比较，提出了“软件就是仪器”的新概念。为进一步阐明虚拟仪器的基本概念，列举并分析了ＶＸＩ总线虚拟仪器的软件框架。     

Better ways of getting into the space business: microeconomic reform in Australian space affairs

This personal view of trends in global space enterprise suggests that, unless they adapt and re-structure, large-scale national and regional space agencies built on traditional lines may struggle to survive, at least in the developed world. With the growing maturity of speculative private sector space initiatives, the role of traditional space agencies as project managers and mediators between providers and the market may become redundant, while in the absence of a cogent national security argument, public interest in space is no longer to be relied upon to deliver large national space budgets. Australia’s newest space mission, the FedSat scientific microsatellite, was announced at the same time as the former national space program was terminated. This process and its consequences are examined as an instance of microeconomic reform, which seeks to improve productivity and competitiveness by producing a regulatory and infrastructure environment that gives business more flexibility. Historical circumstances unique to Australia may have contributed to this change of direction, but many contributing elements also apply elsewhere. The features of the new approach are identification of public sector space needs; selecting the most suitable team from both public and private sectors to manage the project; and the acceptance of a large proportion of the risk by the proponents.     

EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE STRESS RUPTURE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY K403

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＨＥＡＴＴＲＥＡＴＭＥＮＴＯＮＩＮＴＥＲＭＥＤＩＡＴＥＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＳＴＲＥＳＳＲＵＰＴＵＲＥＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＡＬＬＯＹＫ４０３ＺｈｅｎｇＹｕｎｒｏｎｇ，ＬｉＳｈｕｙｕａｎ，ＭａＳｈｕｗｅｉ（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔ...     

爆轰法处理有害气体技术的研究

本项研究是根据化学反应爆轰理论，寻求一种有害气体无害化处理技术的新方法－爆轰法。本法采用乙炔与氧气或窑混合气体的爆轰反应机理，理论计算出反应可能达到的高温、高压，经过实验证明，该方法对于象含氯氟烃类热稳定性高，化学性质安定的有害物质，进行无害化处理是可行的，是一种处理效率可达到９９．９％以上的最新方法。     

Predicting the vulnerability of spacecraft components: Modelling debris impact effects through vulnerable-zones

The space environment around the Earth is populated by more than 130 million objects of 1 mm in size and larger, and future predictions shows that this amount is destined to increase, even if mitigation measures are implemented at a far better rate than today. These objects can hit and damage a spacecraft or its components. It is thus necessary to assess the risk level for a satellite during its mission lifetime. Few software packages perform this analysis, and most of them employ time-consuming ray-tracing methodology, where particles are randomly sampled from relevant distributions. In addition, they tend not to consider the risk associated with the secondary debris clouds. The paper presents the development of a vulnerability assessment model, which relies on a fully statistical procedure: the debris fluxes are directly used combining them with the concept of vulnerable zone, avoiding the random sampling the debris fluxes. A novel methodology is presented to predict damage on internal components. It models the interaction between the components and the secondary debris cloud through basic geometrical operations, considering mutual shielding and shadowing between internal components. The methodologies are tested against state-of-the-art software for relevant test cases, comparing results on external structures and internal components.     

可调进口导叶和叶片角向缝处理机匣相互作用的

可调进口导叶和叶片角向缝处理机匣都能扩大压气机的稳定工作范围,为了分析同时采用这两种措施对压气机稳定性的影响及二者之间相互作用的机理,在单转子轴流压气机实验台上对不同导叶弯角下实壁机匣和叶片角向缝机匣进行了详细的实验测试。同时,对导叶弯角为+10°的每一种机匣结构和导叶0°的实壁机匣结构进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果与实验结果符合良好,相对于导叶0°的实壁机匣,实验及数值模拟结果均表明,导叶正弯角结合叶片角向缝机匣处理结构能更好地扩大压气机的稳定工作裕度。对转子流场进行对比分析可得,导叶正预旋能抑制叶背气流的分离,提高压气机的稳定工作范围,但仍然没有改变转子叶尖部诱发失速的流动现象,而叶片角向缝主要是通过对叶顶气流的抽吸作用抑制了间隙泄漏流达到扩稳效果,因此耦合时能独立发挥各自的扩稳作用,从而能获得比单独使用任何一种方法都要更大的稳定工作范围的提升。     

热处理对AZ80镁合金疲劳性能的影响

通过对AZ80镁合金进行总应变幅控制下的室温低周疲劳实验,研究其在热锻、时效态(T5)、固溶时效态(T6)三种不同热处理状态下的循环应力响应、疲劳寿命和循环应力-应变行为。结果表明:在三种不同的热处理制度下,AZ80镁合金大体上都表现为循环应变硬化现象;此外,AZ80镁合金的应变疲劳寿命与塑性应变幅、弹性应变幅之间的关系分别服从Coffin-Manson和Basquin关系式。随着外加总应变幅的不断增大,其疲劳寿命减少。在0.3%的最小外加总应变幅下,AZ80热锻态的疲劳寿命最长;在0.9%的最大外加总应变幅下,AZ80-T5的疲劳寿命最长,而热锻态最短。此外,对疲劳断口形貌的观察结果表明,疲劳裂纹萌生于疲劳试样表面,并以穿晶方式扩展。     

基于统计分析模型的飞行器落点预报方法

目前飞行器落点预报主要采用人机交互方式进行处理,而不同人员计算出的结果存在较大差异.针对该问题,提出了一种基于四阶龙格库塔计算方法的落点预报分布式计算统计分析模型.该模型根据飞行器的运行轨迹特性和在无动力、无控制、常质量段的预报落点具有集中分布的特点,采用零假设和备择假设统计方法对预报落点过滤选择,并对有效预报落点求其数学期望值.采用实际测量数据对所提出的模型进行了可行性和有效性验证,试验结果表明,该模型不仅具有较强的实时性、稳定性,而且当飞行器运行距离在数千千米时,该方法计算出的平面位置误差仅为几十米.