空投舱体着陆冲击仿真与分析

针对空投物资方式中物资的安全着陆问题,采用舱体结构对空投救生装备进行缓冲保护.本文在对舱体空投问题进行了力学分析的基础上,采用显式非线性动力学分析有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对空投舱体着陆冲击进行模拟计算,根据仿真计算所得的舱体在冲击过程中的动态响应,来确定舱体结构设计方案的可行性,体现了设计的先进性.     

Extraterrestrial environmental impact assessments – A foreseeable prerequisite for wise decisions regarding outer space exploration,research and development

Although existing international instruments such as the Outer Space Treaty and Moon Agreement generally express sentiments for minimizing missions' extraterrestrial environmental impacts, they tend to be limited in scope, vague and generally unenforceable. There is no formal structure for assessing how and to what extent we affect those environments, no opportunity for public participation, no uniform protocol for documenting and registering the effects of our actions and no requirement to mitigate adverse impacts or take them into consideration in the decision-making process. Except for precautions limiting forward biological contamination and issues related to Earth satellites, environmental impact analysis, when done at all, remains focused on how missions affect the Earth and near-Earth environments, not how our actions affect the Moon, Mars, Europa, comets and other potential destinations. Extraterrestrial environmental impacts are potentially counterproductive to future space exploration, exploitation and scientific investigations. Clear, consistent and effective international protocols guiding a process for assessing such impacts are warranted. While instruments such as the US National Environmental Policy Act provide legally tested and efficient regulatory models that can guide impact assessment here on Earth, statutory legal frameworks may not work as well in the international environment of outer space. A proposal for industry-driven standards and an environmental code of conduct based, in part, on best management practices are offered for consideration.     

大型弹簧电镀锌工艺优化

采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了发蓝、超声波酸洗前处理工艺对大型弹簧零件表面残余氧化皮的去除效果以及这两种前处理工艺对镀锌层的结合力与抗腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,采用适当的发蓝、超声波酸洗等前处理工艺,能够有效去除零件表面顽固的残余氧化皮,较大幅度地提高镀锌层与金属基体的结合力,并提高镀锌层的抗腐蚀性能。     

Comparison of fragments created by low- and hyper-velocity impacts

This paper summarizes two new satellite impact experiments. The objective of the experiments was to investigate the outcome of low- and hyper-velocity impacts on two identical target satellites. The first experiment was performed at a low-velocity of 1.5 km/s using a 40-g aluminum alloy sphere. The second experiment was performed at a hyper-velocity of 4.4 km/s using a 4-g aluminum alloy sphere. The target satellites were 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm in size and 800 g in mass. The ratios of impact energy to target mass for the two experiments were approximately the same. The target satellites were completely fragmented in both experiments, although there were some differences in the characteristics of the fragments. The projectile of the low-velocity impact experiment was partially fragmented while the projectile of the hyper-velocity impact experiment was completely fragmented beyond recognition. To date, approximately 1500 fragments from each impact experiment have been collected for detailed analysis. Each piece has been weighed, measured, and analyzed based on the analytic method used in the NASA Standard Breakup Model (2000 revision). These fragments account for about 95% of the target mass for both impact experiments. Preliminary analysis results will be presented in this paper.     

热处理参数对GH2150A合金冲击韧性的影响

研究GH2150A合金经前期热处理与中间热处理后合金组织变化对室温冲击性能的影响。利用光学金相和扫描电镜对合金组织和冲击断口进行观察。结果表明,经过这种热处理可以显著提高合金的室温冲击韧性,比经标准热处理的Ak提高36%。主要原因是该处理改变合金中碳化物的析出数量、形态和分布,减小γ′相的尺寸,从而改变室温冲击的断裂机制。该处理可以使合金得到良好的综合性能。     

非定常机匣处理对失速先兆波的抑制作用实验研究

非定常机匣处理在不影响效率的前提下可以明显提高压气机的稳定工作范围,针对这种通过改变斜槽和气室来调节壁面阻抗边界条件的新型处理机匣,从非定常角度,开展其对失速先兆波产生及发展的影响的实验研究.在压气机转子前缘附近沿圆周均匀布置八支高频响压力传感器,采集壁面动态压力信号,进行周向傅立叶分析(SFT)和功率谱密度分析(PSD),捕捉到旋转失速先兆波的出现和发展的动态细节,比较光壁和处理机匣两种情况的结果,证实了处理机匣并非阻止了失速先兆波的出现,而是有效的抑制了其非线性发展.非定常机匣处理改变了压气机系统的阻抗边界条件,能够在全过程中对低频扰动波进行有效的抑制,从而推迟旋转失速的发生,实现压气机的扩稳目的.      

一种槽道式处理机匣设计及实验验证

对实壁机匣的实验转子进行了定常雷诺平均N-S方程(RANS)模拟,考察了实验转子叶尖端区流动状况,并基于转子叶尖端区在设计状态和近失速状态下的若干主要流动特征设计了一个带气室的轴向斜槽式处理机匣.在高速压气机试验台上对处理机匣的性能测量结果表明,设计的处理机匣有很好的扩稳效果,效率损失也可接受.这说明通过对实壁机匣的转子其流动结构的分析和把握、进而完成处理机匣的设计在一定程度上有可行性.      

轴向斜槽式轮毂处理的三维流场分析

首次采用网格分区的方法,对带有轴向斜槽式轮毂处理的压气机叶栅通道流场进行了数值模拟,分析了轴向斜槽式轮毂处理的扩稳机理以及它对压气机性能的影响的原因所在,进一步探讨轴向斜槽的几何参数的变化对其扩稳效果的影响.在计算中采用了非交错网格的SIMPLE算法,求解时均N-S方程,紊流模型采用基于RNG(重整化群)方法的K-ε紊流模型.      

基于蜂窝纸板的系留平台缓冲分析与试验

为保证系留气球平台在空投着陆中的安全,必须对其中的压力气瓶进行缓冲分析与实验。文章采用蜂窝纸板作为气瓶缓冲材料,采用LS-DYNA软件,并依据蜂窝纸板实际参数处理材料模型,仿真分析了在不同蜂窝纸板厚度、不同跌落速度和不同着陆姿态下的缓冲过程。根据仿真结果,设计了蜂窝纸板缓冲结构和加速度检测模块,采用吊车起吊跌落进行了实验验证。仿真分析和实验结果均表明,蜂窝纸板厚度为500mm,跌落速度低于10m/s时,气瓶缓冲后加速度低于20gn,可满足空投着陆应用要求。文章基于LS-DYNA的蜂窝纸板缓冲有限元分析是可行的,研究结果对于气瓶类装备的着陆缓冲结构设计有参考价值。     

试论低温钢低温韧性的改善

通过调整合金成份和改变热处理制度试验,有效地提高了低温钢的低温韧性。文章介绍了试验过程和效果。