空投舱体着陆冲击仿真与分析

针对空投物资方式中物资的安全着陆问题,采用舱体结构对空投救生装备进行缓冲保护.本文在对舱体空投问题进行了力学分析的基础上,采用显式非线性动力学分析有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对空投舱体着陆冲击进行模拟计算,根据仿真计算所得的舱体在冲击过程中的动态响应,来确定舱体结构设计方案的可行性,体现了设计的先进性.     

大型弹簧电镀锌工艺优化

采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了发蓝、超声波酸洗前处理工艺对大型弹簧零件表面残余氧化皮的去除效果以及这两种前处理工艺对镀锌层的结合力与抗腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,采用适当的发蓝、超声波酸洗等前处理工艺,能够有效去除零件表面顽固的残余氧化皮,较大幅度地提高镀锌层与金属基体的结合力,并提高镀锌层的抗腐蚀性能。     

Comparison of fragments created by low- and hyper-velocity impacts

This paper summarizes two new satellite impact experiments. The objective of the experiments was to investigate the outcome of low- and hyper-velocity impacts on two identical target satellites. The first experiment was performed at a low-velocity of 1.5 km/s using a 40-g aluminum alloy sphere. The second experiment was performed at a hyper-velocity of 4.4 km/s using a 4-g aluminum alloy sphere. The target satellites were 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm in size and 800 g in mass. The ratios of impact energy to target mass for the two experiments were approximately the same. The target satellites were completely fragmented in both experiments, although there were some differences in the characteristics of the fragments. The projectile of the low-velocity impact experiment was partially fragmented while the projectile of the hyper-velocity impact experiment was completely fragmented beyond recognition. To date, approximately 1500 fragments from each impact experiment have been collected for detailed analysis. Each piece has been weighed, measured, and analyzed based on the analytic method used in the NASA Standard Breakup Model (2000 revision). These fragments account for about 95% of the target mass for both impact experiments. Preliminary analysis results will be presented in this paper.     

复合材料蜂窝夹芯板低速冲击损伤扩展特性

进行了碳纤维增强复合材料蜂窝夹芯板低速冲击试验及冲击后面内单向压缩试验,并采用解析解方法对含低速冲击损伤的复合材料蜂窝夹芯板在面内单向压载作用下的损伤扩展过程进行了预测与分析,分析结果与试验结果吻合较好.研究进一步扩展了解析解模型,使之能够预测和分析在面内双向拉压载荷作用下含低速冲击损伤的复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构的损伤扩展特性.分析结果表明,施加面内横向拉伸载荷会延迟复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构在面内纵向压载作用下低速冲击损伤扩展过程,从而提升结构在纵向的残余压缩强度.     

冲击滑动耦合作用下的材料磨损

研制了一种新型磨损试验机,用于研究材料在冲击滑动耦合作用下的磨损特性。试验机由电磁激振器激励悬臂梁产生法向冲击,电机带动旋转轴产生切向滑动。各试验参数（冲击力幅值、冲击力频率及滑动速度）调节方便可靠,最大冲击力、冲击频率及滑动速度分别为100Hz,200N及4．52m／s。本文使用该试验机对材料在冲击滑动耦合作用下的磨损特性进行了研究,并利用称重法、二维轮廓测量及电子扫描显微镜评估了材料磨损。结果表明：在相同试验条件下,试验的重现性较好,数据重复性误差小于7％。此外,硬度高的钛合金试件比硬度低的铝青铜试件磨损严重。     

基于球空间极近距离障碍物的超声检测方法

以机器人工作空间的障碍物检测为研究对象，提出了一种不同于传统的超声测距的新的检测方法——研究球空间极近距离障碍物的超声波测距理论和利用相关算法进行信号处理实现抗多径干扰，提高了超声波测量的精度。利用特殊分布的超声传感器阵列进行超声测距和球面三点定位的原理，不仅可以检测出障碍物的空间距离，还可以检测出障碍物的空间方位。     

超声波马达技术及其应用

对超声波马达技术及其应用现状和发展前景做了介绍。     

热处理对AZ80镁合金疲劳性能的影响

通过对AZ80镁合金进行总应变幅控制下的室温低周疲劳实验,研究其在热锻、时效态(T5)、固溶时效态(T6)三种不同热处理状态下的循环应力响应、疲劳寿命和循环应力-应变行为。结果表明:在三种不同的热处理制度下,AZ80镁合金大体上都表现为循环应变硬化现象;此外,AZ80镁合金的应变疲劳寿命与塑性应变幅、弹性应变幅之间的关系分别服从Coffin-Manson和Basquin关系式。随着外加总应变幅的不断增大,其疲劳寿命减少。在0.3%的最小外加总应变幅下,AZ80热锻态的疲劳寿命最长;在0.9%的最大外加总应变幅下,AZ80-T5的疲劳寿命最长,而热锻态最短。此外,对疲劳断口形貌的观察结果表明,疲劳裂纹萌生于疲劳试样表面,并以穿晶方式扩展。     

Extraterrestrial environmental impact assessments – A foreseeable prerequisite for wise decisions regarding outer space exploration,research and development

Although existing international instruments such as the Outer Space Treaty and Moon Agreement generally express sentiments for minimizing missions' extraterrestrial environmental impacts, they tend to be limited in scope, vague and generally unenforceable. There is no formal structure for assessing how and to what extent we affect those environments, no opportunity for public participation, no uniform protocol for documenting and registering the effects of our actions and no requirement to mitigate adverse impacts or take them into consideration in the decision-making process. Except for precautions limiting forward biological contamination and issues related to Earth satellites, environmental impact analysis, when done at all, remains focused on how missions affect the Earth and near-Earth environments, not how our actions affect the Moon, Mars, Europa, comets and other potential destinations. Extraterrestrial environmental impacts are potentially counterproductive to future space exploration, exploitation and scientific investigations. Clear, consistent and effective international protocols guiding a process for assessing such impacts are warranted. While instruments such as the US National Environmental Policy Act provide legally tested and efficient regulatory models that can guide impact assessment here on Earth, statutory legal frameworks may not work as well in the international environment of outer space. A proposal for industry-driven standards and an environmental code of conduct based, in part, on best management practices are offered for consideration.     

优化镍基高温合金X-750热处理工艺参数的非线性超声无损评估方法

为了获得更好的材料性能,需要对热处理工艺参数进行精确地优化。非线性超声无损检测技术是一种可以有效表征材料微观结构状态变化的评估方法,可以用来评估、优化热处理工艺参数。利用非线性超声波对热处理后的X-750合金材料进行评估,根据超声传播的非线性响应不同,对材料的性能变化做出判断,并与线性超声检测技术的评估结果进行了对比研究。研究发现经过热处理之后,材料性能显著提高,在其中传播的超声非线性响应则明显下降。材料经过热处理后性能提升越大,其声学非线性响应就会变得越小。根据超声波传播的非线性响应定性评估了3种不同的热处理工艺,明确了最优的镍基高温合金X-750退火工艺参数。研究证实了非线性超声方法的敏感度优于传统的线性超声评估方法,可以对材料的热处理效果进行无损评估,从而对热处理工艺参数进行优化与完善。