基于小波倒谱模型的滤波处理技术及其在超声应力检测中的应用

在超声检测中,应力是通过超声时间延迟来测量的,而超声回波的时间延迟对噪声非常敏感。噪声严重影响应力的测量精度,噪声引起的时间延迟甚至与应力引起的时间延迟处于同一量级。而以往消噪处理都是基于盲信息,没有考虑系统响应特点,消噪效果不好,需一种有效的消噪方法。提出了一种基于倒谱模型新的滤波处理技术,从系统响应的角度,建立超声通道的小波倒谱模型,并通过对钢轨应力测试信号进行滤波处理,试验结果令人满意。     

中国空间大功率微波部件微放电抑制表面处理技术最新进展

材料表面的二次电子发射会触发和维持空间高功率射频器件的共振雪崩放电现象,这种现象又被称为微放电效应。微放电效应是限制空间大功率微波部件应用的关键问题之一。从微放电作用的机理出发,首先介绍了两种微放电类型（单表面与双表面）的基本物理机理;然后总结了当前主流的微放电抑制方法并给出各自应用于空间大功率微波部件时的限制。针对空间大功率微波部件微放电抑制的特殊问题,综述了国内近5年来在表面处理法抑制微放电领域的研究成果并预测了微放电抑制技术的发展趋势。     

低速溅射小行星表面采样的动力学仿真

开发了适用于小行星环境的大规模三维离散元程序DEMBody,针对低速射弹溅射表层风化层的小行星采样方案,仿真了相同质量不同形状的射弹在微重力环境下垂直射入颗粒床的过程,研究了溅射物质在采样器中的运动历程及最终收集质量与射弹形状的关系。结果表明,90°锥形射弹的采样效率最高。     

How do interplanetary shock impact angles control the size of the geoeffective magnetosphere?

In this paper, we investigate temporal and spatial magnetosphere response to the impact of interplanetary (IP) shocks with different inclinations and speeds on the Earth’s magnetosphere. A data set with more than 500 IP shocks is used to identify positive sudden impulse (SI⁺) events as expressed by the SuperMAG partial ring current index. The SI⁺ rise time (RT), defined as the time interval between compression onset and maximum SI⁺ signature, is obtained for each event. We use RT and a model suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002) to calculate the geoeffective magnetospheric distance (GMD) in the shock propagation direction as a function of shock impact angle and speed for each event. GMD is a generalization of the geoeffective magnetosphere length (GML) suggested by Takeuchi et al. (2002), defined from the subsolar point along the X line toward the tail. We estimate statistical GMD and GML values which are then reported for the first time. We also show that, similarly to well-known results for RT, the highest correlation coefficient for the GMD and impact angle is found for shocks with high speeds and small impact angles, and the faster and more frontal the shock, the smaller the GMD. This result indicates that the magnetospheric response depends heavily on shock impact angle. With these results, we argue that the prediction and forecasting of space weather events, such as those caused by coronal mass ejections, will not be accurately accomplished if the disturbances’ angles of impact are not considered as an important parameter within model and observation scheme capabilities.     

Stability analysis of robotic longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic milling

Currently, industrial robots are considered as an alternative towards traditional machine tools. Especially for the large-scale parts milling, robotic flexibility and low cost make it possess the irreplaceability. However, the milling chatter caused by its weak rigidity hampers robotic application and promotion severely in aviation industry. Rotary ultrasonic milling (RUM) technology with one-dimensional axial vibration has been proven and approved on avoiding robotic chatter. Based on this, the research of project team demonstrates that longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic milling (CUM-LT) involving separation characteristic has a greater advantage than RUM in terms of chatter suppression. Thereby, the CUM-LT as a new means is applied to avoid processing vibration of robotic milling system. And its influence mechanism on stability improvement of weak stiffness processing system is clarified. Meanwhile, the approaches to strengthen separation effect are provided innovatively. Moreover, a new analysis method of robotic CUM-LT (RCUM-LT) stability is proposed on the basis of ultrasonic function angles. The simulation and experimental results indicate that compared with robotic RUM (RRUM), stability regions of separated RCUM-LT (SRCUM-LT) and unseparated RCUM-LT (URCUM-LT) are improved by 124.42% and 39.20%, respectively. The addition of torsional ultrasonic energy has a wonderful effect on the milling chatter suppression of low stiffness robots.     

胸腹部不同部位撞击伤特点及损伤机理

用摆锤式冲击台对１１３只家兔胸、腹不同部位进行了钝性撞击实验。撞击速度６．７～１０．５ｍ／ｓ,相对压缩量０．１８～０．５０。观测到侧胸撞击伤重于正胸撞击,侧胸撞击易引起升主动脉损伤和肋骨骨折,还易引起肝脏损伤。上腹撞击损伤重于侧腹撞击,上腹撞击易引起肝脏损伤。提出胸部撞击要着重于侧胸部防护,腹部撞击要着重于上腹部防护。提出用冲量ＭＩ和冲击功ＷＩ分别估计胸部和上腹部撞击损伤程度及其ＤＥ,５０值。     

副翼配重的着陆冲击响应

提供了一个计算副翼配重着陆冲击响应的方法。由于主起落架为纯摇臂式,考虑机体的弹性,机体和主起落架运动联立求解的加速度不是显式,因此必须用高斯方法解加速度的线性方程组,再用吉尔方法解微分方程。     

基于速度预测的导引律剩余时间估计

将分段线性逼近与迭代求解的思想扩展到对导弹的时变速度进行分段预测,给出了适用于反舰导弹速度时变情况的大前置角下比例导引律和偏置比例导引律的剩余时间估计算法。该算法在现有分段迭代算法的基础上,依据闭环形式的反舰导弹速度微分方程,分转弯平飞段和近似直线飞行段2种情况,对导弹未来速度的大小进行分段迭代预测并对剩余时间估计进行修正。算法中还给出了偏置比例导引律作用下近似直线飞行段剩余飞行航程的估计公式。仿真结果验证了本文算法的有效性。     

混杂复合材料层合板抗冲击性能研究

为了探究复合材料层合板在实际应用中因承受冲击载荷而造成的结构安全问题,本研究采用实验和仿真相结合的方法,首先探究冲头形状对复合材料层合板损伤机理的影响,然后结合不同冲击能进一步揭示层合板的承载力和能量吸收变化规律。结果表明,相同冲击能下,层合板的损伤范围和承载力随着圆锥头、半球头、平头依次增加;相应的层合板的临界穿透能量随着圆锥头、半球头、平头依次增大;冲头形状和冲击能对层合板的吸能能力有较大的影响。     

冲击作用下弹塑性接触的耗能套筒结构的减震性能分析

求解了导弹发射筒内耗能套筒结构在冲击作用下的弹塑性接触问题。依据弹塑性有限元法,应用Lagrange乘子法引入接触区域上的位移协调约束条件,通过迭代修正使每个接触单元满足库仑摩擦律的要求,再按照Newmark β逐步积分法进行计算,求得结构的冲击响应。所得计算结果和相关实验结果吻合良好,表明所提出的计算模型和方法是正确合理的。最后将套筒结构所受的冲量和对应的位移增量进行多项式拟合,得到的拟合公式为耗能套筒结构的设计计算提供了理论依据。