基于煤油的旋转爆轰发动机流场数值模拟

为了深入研究气液两相旋转爆轰发动机的流场结构，建立了非定常两相爆轰的Eulerian-Lagrangian模型，使用SST（shear-stress transport） k-ω模型，采用一步反应机理的化学反应模型，进行了煤油/空气非预混的二维数值模拟。结果表明，采用30 μm粒径的液滴颗粒，在来流总温1 000 K的空气流中，液滴经历雾化破碎、蒸发、混合过程，在当量比0.70~1.15范围，形成稳定单个旋转爆轰波；煤油液滴被爆轰波扫过后未完全燃烧，部分煤油组分混杂在高温产物中沿下游排出；在燃烧室入口处，爆轰波前形成的空气三角形区域面积大于液滴颗粒三角形区域。     

新型凹入式螺旋结构增爆器的实验研究

本实验以脉冲爆震火箭发动机(简称PDREs)系统为实验平台,以液态航空煤油作为燃料,以压缩氧气作为氧化剂,以压缩氮气作为隔离气,分别对安装三种不同截面形式(半圆形、方形、三角形)的凹入式螺旋结构增爆器以及作为基准的Shchelkin螺旋结构增爆器进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,三种不同截面的凹入式增爆器均能有效强化爆燃向爆震转变(DDT)过程,在长径比为12.17的增爆器中均获得了充分发展的爆震波,实现了成功起爆。在流阻损失方面,半圆形凹入式螺旋结构表现出了最好的性能,其推力比Shchelkin螺旋的基准推力高出12个百分点。在多次实验过程中发现,凹入式螺旋结构比Shchelkin螺旋结构更不易烧蚀,工作可靠性更高。     

固液捆绑火箭上升过程喷流干扰特性及底部热环境研究

固体喷流和液体喷流的来流与喷流之间相互干扰，在喷流交汇碰撞区域使流场温度、压力特性发生变化，对箭体底部的加热效应增强。特别是含有固体颗粒的固体助推器喷流与液体芯级喷流混合，对传热特性产生明显影响。本文用连续相模型模拟气相、离散相模型(DPM)模拟固体粒子相、DO模型模拟含有固体粒子的介质辐射，对固液捆绑火箭在上升飞行过程中的气固两相喷流的演变过程进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明:在不同的发动机组合之间出现高温区域，并随着喷流扩张和飞行高度增加，高温区向箭体底部移动，喷流中小粒径固体颗粒分布在喷流与空气的边界混合层区域，大粒径固体颗粒分布在喷流交互中心区域，底部最大对流热流密度与辐射热流密度为90 kW/m²和400 kW/m²。将仿真实验结果与飞行试验数据进行了对比分析，发现两者吻合较好，验证了仿真结果的准确性。     

Experimental study on dynamic behavior of mechanically pumped two-phase loop with a novel accumulator in simulated space environment

Mechanically pumped two-phase loop (MPTL) which is a prominent two-phase heat transfer technology presents a promising prospect in thermal control for space payload. However, transient behavior of MPTL caused by phase-change and heat sources load-on/off in simulated space environment is rarely reported. In the present study, one MPTL setup was designed and constructed, and experimentally studied. Particularly, a novel two-phase thermally-controlled accumulator integrated with passive cooling measure and three capillary structures was designed as the temperature-control device. Dynamic behavior of the start-up, temperature control, and temperature adjustment were monitored; meanwhile, thermodynamic behavior within the proposed accumulator, the operating behavior as well as the heat and mass transfer behavior between the main loop and the accumulator were revealed. The results show that the fluid management function of the capillary structures for the novel accumulator is verified. The working point of the MPTL system can be adjusted by changing the temperature control point of the accumulator and it is little influenced by external heat flux and heat sources on/off. Pressure-drop oscillations which are manifested as fluctuations of temperature and pressure can be observed after phase changing due to the compressible volume within the accumulator and the negative-slope portion of the internal pressure.     

往复节流式正脉冲发生器性能分析CSCD

在石油开采与钻探领域,脉冲发生器作为旋转导向系统井下信号传输系统的重要组成部分,提高压力脉冲幅值有助于提升旋转导向系列产品的市场竞争力。为了揭示其工作原理及提高压力脉冲幅值,基于计算流体动力学,利用用户自定义函数(UDF)、动网格技术、非牛顿流体模型,借助Fluent平台对往复节流式正脉冲发生器进行了动态数值实验。利用离散形式的动量方程将主阀体与电磁阀的被动运动转变为主动运动,选择适用于k-ε湍流模型的赫-巴非牛顿流体本构方程描述泥浆,提高了计算的收敛性与运动的可控性。基于非牛顿流体的流固耦合方法,更真实地模拟了脉冲器在井下工作过程。结果表明限流环内径越小或入口排量越大,则压力脉冲幅值与信号发生频率越大。     

超低空反导中的多径效应仿真

为得到超低空背景下目标特性参数对脉冲雷达导引头目标检测的影响,根据导引头和目标的空间几何关系,推导了波程差、多普勒频移、相位差的表达式,并结合比例导引法建立多径效应仿真模型。针对目标飞行参数进行仿真,并结合仿真结果对参数的影响效果进行了分析,为导引头末制导段的弹道规划与有效地规避多径效应提供参考依据。     

冰晶粒子运动过程中的相变特性

针对冰晶在温暖环境下运动时固液汽耦合的相变现象，基于欧拉法建立了冰晶粒子的运动相变模型和计算方法。计算了冰晶粒子在强迫对流环境下的融化相变过程，与实验结果对比验证了运动相变模型和计算方法的准确性。针对NACA0012翼型计算了冰晶绕流运动时的热力学特性，得到了冰晶粒子到达撞击表面时的融化状态与收集系数。研究了冰晶粒径大小、初始球形度、气流相对湿度和温度对运动相变的影响。结果表明：冰晶粒子运动相变模型可以有效地评估冰晶结冰风险，冰晶粒子的融化速率主要取决于粒子直径、球形度、气流温度、湿度等因素，环境温度为288 K时冰晶粒子的融化时间为27.5 s，而相同条件下环境温度为302 K时的融化时间仅有5.2 s。     

A new approach for pulse amplitude measurement using Lagrange’s interpolation for radiation or particle detectors

In radiation detector signal processing, usually, the charge-sensitive preamplifier converts the small charge signal coming from the semiconductor-based detector into voltage form and then the signal is further amplified to measure the energy of the incoming radiation. The voltage pulse from a charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSPA) is amplified using a shaping amplifier which reduces the signal bandwidth. To achieve better energy resolution, precise measurement of the peak amplitude of shaping amplifier output is required. The signal processing methods are available in which the signal from the charge-sensitive preamplifier can be directly digitized using high-speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADC), and then further signal processing such as gain and shaping is carried out inside the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). For multiple detector systems, digital signal processing methods are quite difficult to implement in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). In this context, The development of an alternative technique is initiated that uses a charge-sensitive preamplifier, shaping amplifier, low sampling analog-to-digital converter, and FPGA, where LaGrange’s interpolation technique is implemented in FPGA to precisely measure the peak of the analog pulse. In this paper, the comparison of the proposed method with other pulse amplitude measurement techniques is discussed. Results show that the implemented technique gives similar energy resolution compared to digital pulse processing and standard peak detector-based techniques.     

固液捆绑火箭起飞喷流特性及对发射台影响研究

为了研究固液捆绑火箭起飞阶段多簇高度欠膨胀燃气射流冲击发射台及导流装置的复杂流场图谱，基于连续介质假设，建立固液捆绑火箭发射燃气羽流含Al2O3颗粒混合物流动的欧拉离散相气-固耦合流动模型，包括燃气多组分可压缩N-S方程、Al2O3颗粒流动方程、RNG k-ε湍流模型，并运用二阶Roe迎风差分格式求解控制方程的对流通量，二阶中心差分计算耗散项。在流动计算结果基础上，建立高温燃气射流的热辐射方程，采用离散坐标法(DOM)计算多簇燃气射流热辐射的影响，通过数值模拟得到火箭起飞时高度和漂移量对发射台和箭体底部底部燃气射流流动及热流密度的影响。所得结果可为发射台和箭体底部防热设计提供一定的参考依据。为了验证欧拉离散相模型及其数值方法的有效性，以固体推进剂标准发动机羽流热环境实验为对象，将数值模拟结果与实验数据进行了对比，发现两者的温度和热流密度相对误差分别为2.2%和3.7%，由此可见本文的方法具有良好的数值精度。