Minimizing energy utilization for growing strawberries during long-duration space habitation

Strawberry is a candidate crop for space that is rich in protective antioxidants and could also have psychological benefits as a component of crew diets during long-duration space habitation. Energy for electric lighting is a major input to a controlled-environment crop-production system for space habitation. Day-neutral strawberry cultivars were evaluated at several different photoperiods to determine minimum lighting requirements without limiting yield or negatively impacting fruit quality. The cultivars ‘Tribute’, ‘Seascape’, and ‘Fern’ were grown at 14, 17, or 20 h of light per day, and fruit yield was evaluated over a 31-week production period. This amounted to a difference of 2418 kWh m⁻² in energy usage between the longest and shortest photoperiods. All cultivars produced similar total fresh weight of fruit regardless of photoperiod. Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality. Generally, organoleptic attributes were not affected by photoperiod, but these attributes were somewhat dependent upon cultivar and harvest time. Cultivars under different photoperiods varied in their production of fruit over time. ‘Seascape’ was the most consistent producer, typically with the largest, most palatable fruit. ‘Seascape’ plants subsequently were grown at 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiods over a treatment period of 33 weeks. Photoperiod again had no significant effect on total fruit weight, although there were periodic flushes of productivity. Fruit under all photoperiods had acceptable approval ratings. A large-fruited, day-neutral strawberry cultivar such as ‘Seascape’ remains productive under shortened photoperiods, allowing reductions in energy and crew labor while maintaining flexibility for mixed-cropping scenarios in space.     

X射线辐照圆柱壳体产生的汽化反冲

暴露在x射线辐射场中的圆柱壳体,在吸收了大量的辐射能后其表层汽化。由于表层的汽化物质快速飞散,圆柱壳体将受到冲击载荷的作用。本文用气体动力学方法提出了计算作用在圆柱壳体上汽化反冲压力及冲量的理论模型。     

角锥棱镜不同方位反射光束的能量分布

推导了入射光束和角锥棱镜处于不同方位时，反射光束的能量计算公式，计算结果表明，当角锥棱，当角锥棱镜处于正常工作状态时，光束垂直弦面入射时的反射光束能量最大，而最小反射光能量趋近于零。     

延性损伤的能量模型

 采用材料在受力变形过程中耗散的塑性应变能定义材料的延性损伤变量,可以克服现有延性损伤变量定义的局限,完整描述材料在廷性损伤全过程中的损伤变化情况;实测方便,精度易于保证;还建立了相应的损伤演化方程和损伤材料的应力-应变本构方程,由其获得的损伤准则等价于第四强度理论。     

利用统计能量分析预测飞机舱壁板的隔声量

 本文应用统计能量分析方法研究了随机入射声通过飞机舱壁板的隔声量,并给出了单壁结构和相互连接的双壁结构的隔声量计算公式。利用所得公式对Y-7飞机舱壁板的隔声量进行预测,预测值与实验结果吻合较好。     

用准稳态方法建立碳氢燃料点火燃烧的简化化学反应动力学模型

基于“准稳态”方法建立了一套碳氢燃料点火燃烧的化学反应动力学模型简化方法和相应的软件SPARCK,并从甲烷点火燃烧的GRI2.11详细基元反应动力学模型出发简化得出了包含16个组分12步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型,从庚烷点火燃烧的详细基元反应动力学模型出发简化得出了包含25个组分21步总包反应形式的简化化学反应动力学模型。通过其计算结果与CARM软件导出简化模型的计算结果和典型激波管试验结果的对比可以看出,本文简化得到的简化反应动力学模型能较为有效地再现详细基元反应模型的反应机理,简化模型的计算精度与CARM软件导出简化模型的计算精度相当。与详细基元反应动力学模型相比,简化模型有效地减少了反应组分,在工程计算中有比较好的应用前景。     

含高能氧化剂(FBN)的推进剂能量特性计算研究

简介了1,4-二氟-1,1,4,4-四硝基丁二醇二硝酸酯[2,3](FBN)的理化性能,并根据最小自由能原理,编写了计算机程序,对含FBN复合固体推进剂进行能量特性计算,着重研究了HTPB、FBN、高氯酸铵、铝粉和奥克托今等组分含量变化对推进剂能量特性的影响,得出了一些规律,并从结果可以看出,FBN部分取代高氯酸铵后推进剂比冲可提高98N·s/kg以上,最高比冲可达2850N·s/kg。由此可见,FBN是一种较好的高能有机氧化剂,应引起有关研究单位的重视。     

HEDM－CMDB推进剂燃烧性能的理论预测

利用建立不久的双基系平台推进燃烧模型，对几种ＨＥＤＭ加入平台推进剂后的燃烧性能进行了理论计算。结果表明：在所计算的几种ＨＥＤＭ中，ＨＮＨＡＡ最有利于提高燃速；ＣＬ－２０最有利于降低燃速压力指数；ＣＬ－２０作为平台推进剂的高能填料综合性能最好。     

双栅极空气计数器系统参数优化设计方法

 基于金属材料微裂纹检测传感器系统放电脉冲的形成过程, 建立了离散化放电的数学模型, 提出了传感器系统参数优化设计的一种新方法。实验结果表明, 采用该理论设计的传感器系统参数, 避免了经验公式设计的片面性, 保证了传感器系统无损检测的可靠性和精确性。     

AP与HMX作用的“连锁互动”机制

研究了NEPE推进剂中AP与HMX的相互作用。基于凝相机理与热解实验,从分子层面和化学反应的角度,结合价键、形式电荷、链反应等理论和固体单元推进剂的燃烧状况,提出了AP与HMX间的“连锁互动”机制。有NH3与NO2等活性物种参与的“放热连锁、物种互动”过程,可以有效提高NEPE推进剂燃速并在一定程度上改善其燃烧性能。