非均匀网格下的QUICK格式应用于强分离湍流计算

本文从湍流模型和数值格式两方面出发,研究了对绕方形柱体的强分离低速湍流的数值模拟.比较了标准k-ε两方程模型和J-B模型,将QUICK格式推广应用于非均匀网格,采用LU分解的强隐式求解技术(LU-SIP)保证了求解的稳定性和效率.计算表明 J-B模型具有明显的优越性,与QUICK格式联合应用可十分显著地改善计算结果.     

Outflow Velocities at the Base of a Polar Coronal Hole During the 1998 Total Eclipse

Polar coronal holes represent the most convincing site from which the high-speed solar wind originates. Here we report high-accuracy Doppler shifts measured in the O VI (1037.6 Å) line obtained by SUMER on SOHO inside an interplume region within the south polar coronal hole. We infer limits on the outflow velocity and draw hints about the flow geometry.     

翼型表面明冰的数值模拟

提出一种翼型表面明冰的数值模拟方法.基于欧拉两相流理论,建立空气、水滴两相流控制方程;提出一种可穿透型壁面边界模拟水滴对翼型表面的撞击;采用考虑了粗糙度影响的边界层积分法求解结冰表面的对流换热特性,基于经典Messinger模型提出明冰数值模拟的热力学模型;利用冰层时间推进法模拟积冰过程,采用积冰法向生长假设生成积冰外形.对NACA 0012翼型在不同环境温度下的明冰冰形进行了预测,并与实验结果进行了对比.      

高马赫数下激波湍流边界层干扰数值研究

应用GAO—YONG可压缩湍流方程组数值模拟了入射斜激波／平板湍流边界层相互干扰现象,计算了来流马赫数为5．0,激波入射角度分别为15．876°、23．287°两种不同激波干扰强度下的流场。计算程序中的对流项、扩散项分别采用二阶ROE格式和二阶中心差分格式离散,并用多步Runge—Kutta显式时间推进法求解空间离散后的控制方程。计算较好地模拟了高马赫数下的激波／湍流边界层干扰的流场结构,位移边界层厚度,动量损失厚度等,也比较准确地预测了平板壁面压力、摩阻系数等气动力参数的分布。     

沟槽面对湍流边界层流动特征影响的实验研究

利用二维激光多普勒测速仪对零压力梯度下光滑面和小尺度沟槽面的沟槽及峰上部区域中湍流边界层流场进行了对比测量。笔者着重考察了在相同流动条件下两位置的平均速度、流向速度脉动强度、高阶矩以及雷诺剪应力的分布特性。实验中发现:沟槽能够增加粘性底层的厚度,减小壁面剪切力,有减阻效应。而此处的流向速度脉动的强度、高阶矩以及雷诺剪应力在距离壁面的不同区域中均有减小或降低,说明沟槽具有削弱湍流湍动的功能;而峰上部的湍流统计平均量则表现出与槽相反的结果或趋势。还讨论了该沟槽面减阻的原因。     

Isothermal study of effusion cooling flows using a large eddy simulation approach

An isothermal numerical study of effusion cooling flow is conducted using a large eddy simulation(LES) approach.Two main types of cooling are considered,namely tangential film cooling and oblique patch effusion cooling.To represent tangential film cooling,a simplified model of a plane turbulent wall jet along a flat plate in quiescent surrounding fluid is considered.In contrast to a classic turbulent boundary layer flow,the plane turbulent wall jet possesses an outer free shear flow region,an inner near wall region and an interaction region,characterised by substantial levels of turbulent shear stress transport.These shear stress characteristics hold significant implications for RANS modelling,implications that also apply to more complex tangential film cooling flows with non-zero free stream velocities.The LES technique used in the current study provides a satisfactory overall prediction of the plane turbulent wall jet flow,including the initial transition region,and the characteristic separation of the zero turbulent shear stress and zero shear strain locations.Oblique effusion patch cooling is modelled using a staggered array of 12 rows of effusion holes,drilled at 30° to the flat plate surface.The effusion holes connect two channels separated by the flat plate.Specifically,these comprise of a channel representing the combustion chamber flow and a cooling air supply channel.A difference in pressure between the two channels forces air from the cooling supply side,through the effusion holes,and into the combustion chamber side.Air from successive effusion rows coalesces to form an aerodynamic film between the combustion chamber main flow and the flat plate.In practical applications,this film is used to separate the hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber liner.The numerical model is shown to be capable of accurately predicting the injection,penetration,downstream decay,and coalescence of the effusion jets.In addition,the numerical model captures entrainment of the combustion chamber mainstream flow towards the wall by the presence of the effusion jets.Two contra-rotating vortices,with axes of rotation along the stream-wise direction,are predicted as a result of this entrainment.The presence and characteristics of these vortices are in good agreement with previous published research.      

基于湍流边界层时均速度分布的脊状表面减阻规律研究

通过对试验测得的脊状表面湍流边界层时均速度分布的分析,获得了脊状表面的减阻范围和基本规律.脊状表面理论零点及壁面摩擦速度的计算采用基于湍流边界层Spalding壁面律公式的最小二乘拟合方法;模型板摩擦阻力计算采用基于边界层动量积分方程的方法.研究表明:脊状结构使得湍流边界层粘性底层增厚,近壁面法向速度梯度降低,过渡层与对数律区上移;V型脊状结构的无量纲宽度s+介于6至18时具有减阻效果;当s+≈12时,减阻量最大,最大值约7.7%.      

扫描有限元法求解二元喷管的三维可压粘性流场

发展了一种二元喷管流场计算的三维Ｎ－Ｓ方程扫描有限元方法,给出了Ｎ－Ｓ方程中二阶导数项新的离散方法,以及更完善、简洁的扫描有限元方程的表达式。开发了相应的计算程序,用所发展的方法对二维平面收扩喷管、两种大宽高比的二元喷管及其圆变方转接段的三维粘性流场进行了计算,计算结果表明本方法具有较宽广的适用范围,计算结果良好     

明渠水流湍流结构的试验研究

本文采用二维激光流速仪(2D-LDA)在玻璃水槽中实测了光滑和加糙壁面上清水的湍流结构和时均结构。通过试验观测并结合其它学者的资料,研究了水流时均流速分布。发现加糙壁面的流速分布在半对数坐标中为一连续曲线,通过调整理论床面将坐标起点下移后可转变为直线,与对数分布吻合。文中对雷诺切力分布进行了分析并给出了最大雷诺切力及其出现位置的计算公式。实测切力分布与理论公式计算值基本一致,实测表明:边壁加糙对雷诺切力分布影响不大,光滑边壁与加糙边壁切力分布基本相同。文中还讨论了壁面加糙对纵向和垂向脉动强度分布的影响,认为主流区纵、垂向脉动强度均可近似地视为线性分布。     

绕三角翼旋涡流动的数值模拟

本文通过高清晰度的Ｎ－Ｓ方程数值模拟对绕大后掠三角机翼的旋涡流动结构及旋涡破裂进行了研究,给出了机翼背风面上复杂的旋涡流动结构,绘制了流动横截面上的截面流线。算例的计算采用了隐式近似分解格式。