Using cross correlation to estimate Doppler frequency

Doppler frequency estimation with high accuracy is very important for precise orbit determination and scientific studies in deep space exploration. In this paper, we propose a new method which implements cross correlation of only received signals from one single station to estimate Doppler frequency. The algorithm is relatively simple and it can achieve high accuracy even when signal to noise ratio (SNR) is very low. Moreover, the accuracy can be further improved by implementing frequency compensation, especially when the frequency dynamic range is high. Simulations were performed and results proved the validity of this method. X-band observations on MEX (Mars Express) and Juno were performed by a 13 m telescope of Wuhan University, which was equipped by two back ends, i.e. CDAS (Chinese Data Acquisition System) and RSR (Radio Science Receiver). Raw data recorded by the CDAS were processed by using the proposed method, and the estimated frequencies were in good agreement with the real time frequency estimation values by the RSR. What’s more, the accuracy by using cross correlation was higher than the one of RSR.     

文化认同与英语学习:基于非英语专业大学生的历时研究

通过问卷对三个年级557名非英语专业大学生的英美文化认同进行了调查研究,发现总体上这些大学生对英美文化的认同呈上升趋势;文化认同与他们的课外英语学习时间呈弱正相关,而与专业、年龄、英语学习年限呈弱负相关;文化认同与性别、家庭背景和外在动机开始呈正相关而后来却呈负相关,始学年龄则相反;文化认同与内在动机呈显著正相关,而与英语水平呈不显著的正相关。     

基于物理知识约束的数据驱动式湍流模型修正及槽道湍流计算验证

对湍流摩擦阻力的精准预测是学术界和工业界普遍关心的重要问题，而数据驱动式的湍流模型修正方法对此显示出较大的潜力和前景。提出了一种基于物理知识约束的数据驱动式湍流模型修正方法，根据湍流摩擦阻力分解获得先验物理知识，在S-A湍流模型的生成项中引入非均匀分布的修正因子，以修正因子为设计变量，设定包含物理知识约束的目标函数，利用离散伴随方法求解目标函数与设计变量之间的梯度关系，通过高效率的迭代求解获得修正因子的分布。以槽道湍流为例，验证了包含物理知识约束的数据驱动式建模方法的优势，并分析了物理知识约束对湍流摩擦阻力预测精度的影响，结果表明引入物理知识约束可进一步提高湍流摩擦阻力的预测精度。     

Non-linear diffusion of cosmic rays

The propagation of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium after their release from the sources – supernova remnants – can be attended by the development of streaming instability. The instability creates MHD turbulence that changes the conditions of particle transport and leads to a non-linear diffusion of cosmic rays. We present a self-similar solution of the equation of non-linear diffusion for particles ejected from a SNR and discuss how obtained results may change the physical picture of cosmic ray propagation in the Galaxy.     

Influence of atmospheric turbulence on planetary transceiver laser ranging

In this paper we investigate the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the performance of the uplink of a planetary transceiver laser ranging system using a single photon detector. We numerically combine the influence of turbulence in the mean intensity profile variations, scintillation, beam-wander induced pointing errors and stochastic time-of-flight variations, using the Hufnagel–Valley turbulence profile to model the ground turbulence behavior. We map the intensity variations due to turbulence to variations in the probability distribution of the arrival time of the 1st photon in a laser pulse, which influences the range measurement error probability distribution. The turbulence models are applied to assess the influence on single-pass range accuracy and precision statistics, as well as the parameter estimation quality of a Phobos Laser Ranging (PLR) mission.     

湍流燃烧反应机理的简化

采用速率敏感度分析法分别对燃料为CO/H2和CH3OH的钝体绕流湍流扩散火焰的燃烧机理进行了简化.判断出了冗余组分,并通过对敏感度矩阵F的主成分分析,找出了次要反应,使原始的复杂湍流燃烧机理得到了大幅度的简化.简化机理与详细机理的计算结果吻合得很好.结果表明,速率敏感度分析的方法能大大简化复杂的湍流反应机理,且计算效率高,精度满足要求.     

沟槽面湍流边界层湍流度分布

应用激光测速(LDV)技术对沟槽面湍流边界层湍流度分布进行了精细的测量,实验结果表明,在湍流边界层区域沟槽面湍流度最大值比光滑面要小,但出现的位置比光滑面要远.此外,紧靠沟槽面,即y++<4内,沟槽面有较大的湍流度,说明沟槽面有使近壁区流动紊动增加的趋势.对于y/δ≥0.06的区域,湍流度可用u′\u=2.3 exp (-0.9y/δ)描述,而在y/δ<0.06内,则有u′/u =36.4y/δ.     

On developing data-driven turbulence model for DG solution of RANS

High-order Discontinuous Galerkin(DG) methods have been receiving more and more attentions in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) because of their high-accuracy property. However, it is still a challenge to obtain converged solution rapidly when solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equations since the turbulence models significantly increase the nonlinearity of discretization system. The overall goal of this research is to develop an Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs) model with low complexity acting as an algebraic turbulence model to estimate the turbulence eddy viscosity for RANS. The ANN turbulence model is off-line trained using the training data generated by the widely used Spalart–Allmaras(SA) turbulence model before the Optimal Brain Surgeon(OBS) is employed to determine the relevancy of input features.Using the selected relevant features, a fully connected ANN model is constructed. The performance of the developed ANN model is numerically tested in the framework of DG for RANS, where the‘‘DG+ANN" method provides robust and steady convergence compared to the ‘‘DG+SA" method. The results demonstrate the promising potential to develop a general turbulence model based on artificial intelligence in the future given the training data covering a large rang of flow conditions.     

Temporal and spatial stochastic behaviour of high-frequency slant tropospheric delays from simulations and real GPS data

In this paper, a turbulence theory-based simulation procedure for slant tropospheric delay variations is presented. Based on this procedure tropospheric delay variations are simulated for three different geometric scenarios. The stochastic behaviour of the generated time series is assessed in terms of temporal structure functions. It is shown that the temporal structure functions – in general – follow a 5/3 to 2/3 power-law behaviour. Deviations from this behaviour due to the complex interaction between varying observation geometry and atmospheric/turbulent conditions are discussed.     

Non-Linear Growth of Trapped Particle Modes in Linearly Stable, Current-Carrying Plasmas – A Fundamental Process in Plasma Turbulence and Anomalous Transport

The two-stream instability as a fundamental process in a current-carrying plasma is reconsidered. Its well-established linear version, based on kinetic Landau theory, predicts a threshold for the drift velocity between both species below which the plasma should be stable. We report on simulations which, however, show that a plasma as a non-linearly responding medium can be destabilized well below this threshold. Responsible for this unexpected behaviour are coherent, electrostatic, trapped particle structures such as phase space vortices or holes which can grow non-linearly out of thermal noise receiving their energy from the net imbalance of loss of electron kinetic energy and gain of ion kinetic energy. The birth of predominantly zero-energy holes is shown numerically being associated with initial, non-topological fluctuations. The latter are not subject to Landau damping, as they lie outside the realm of linear wave theory. For a pair plasma a typical scenario is presented, which encompasses several regimes such as non-linear growth of multiple holes, saturation and fully developed structural turbulence as well as an asymptotic approach to a new collisionless equilibrium. During the transient, structural state the plasma transport appears to be highly anomalous.