Aerodynamic optimization design for high pressure turbines based on the adjoint approach

A first study on the continuous adjoint formulation for aerodynamic optimization design of high pressure turbines based on S2surface governed by the Euler equations with source terms is presented.The objective function is defined as an integral function along the boundaries,and the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions are derived by introducing the adjoint variable vectors.The gradient expression of the objective function then includes only the terms related to physical shape variations.The numerical solution of the adjoint equation is conducted by a finitedifference method with the Jameson spatial scheme employing the first and the third order dissipative fluxes.A gradient-based aerodynamic optimization system is established by integrating the blade stagger angles,the stacking lines and the passage perturbation parameterization with the quasi-Newton method of Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS).The application of the continuous adjoint method is validated through a single stage high pressure turbine optimization case.The adiabatic efficiency increases from 0.8875 to 0.8931,whilst the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio remain almost unchanged.The optimization design is shown to reduce the passage vortex loss as well as the mixing loss due to the cooling air injection.     

一种双钟型喷管液氧/甲烷发动机系统方案

根据双钟型喷管高度补偿特点及技术研究现状,提出了一种双钟型喷管液氧甲烷发动机系统方案,进行了双钟型喷管基弧段及延伸段面积比优化,并与其他系统方案进行了性能对比分析。研究表明,对于地面起动的芯级发动机,采用双钟型喷管是提高发动机综合比冲性能以及运载器有效载荷的有效途径。     

某型蒸发式稳定器气动及燃烧特性研究

为解决亚燃冲压发动机在高速低温来流条件下的可靠点火、火焰稳定和高效燃烧问题,对某型蒸发式火焰稳定器分别进行了冷态流场和燃烧流场的数值研究,并与常规V型火焰稳定器进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:在给定范围内,蒸发式稳定器随来流速度的增大,总压恢复系数和停留时间明显减小,回流区长度、回流率和燃烧效率变化不大;与相同槽宽的常规V型火焰稳定器相比,回流率明显减小,总压恢复系数、回流区长度和停留时间略有减小。蒸发式稳定器后部形成明显的回流区,且基本上不受外部主流流动的干扰,通过单独控制稳定器局部供油,可以使稳定器在最佳油气比下工作,有利于在高速来流条件下可靠工作。     

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth

A theoretical model of semi-elliptic surface crack growth based on the low cycle strain damage accumulation near the crack tip along the cracking direction and the Newman–Raju formula is developed. The crack is regarded as a sharp notch with a small curvature radius and the process zone is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. The modified Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren(HRR) formulations are used in the presented study. Assuming that the shape of surface crack front is controlled by two critical points: the deepest point and the surface point.The theoretical model is applied to semi-elliptic surface cracked Al 7075-T6 alloy plate under cyclic loading, and five different initial crack shapes are discussed in present study. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

激波聚焦诱导气液两相爆震燃烧的数值模拟

对以激波聚焦和增加障碍物方式诱导煤油-空气气液两相爆震燃烧的过程进行了数值模拟.采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法建立了脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)中气液两相流的喷射、雾化、掺混过程.研究发现环形爆震波在爆震管凹腔内经过反射、汇聚后能够引燃可燃混合物.而在障碍物处,激波的反射和再反射聚焦能够形成高温高压点(2700K,25MPa),产生局部爆炸,有助于形成稳定的脉冲爆震燃烧(波面速度为1900m/s,温度为2 950K),有效地缩短由缓燃向爆震转变(DDT)距离至0.45m.     

基于自适应粒子滤波的涡扇发动机故障诊断

针对涡扇发动机非线性、非高斯的特点,提出了一种自适应的粒子滤波算法用于涡扇发动机气路部件突变故障的诊断.为了减小算法的计算量并且保证滤波精度,分析了滤波精度和样本数目的关系,提出根据滤波过程中状态的方差自适应地调整粒子数,在保证一定的滤波精度下可以有效地减少滤波过程中使用的粒子数,提高了算法的实时性.同时,引入扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)用于更新粒子,产生重要概率密度函数,在一定程度上避免了粒子的退化.通过某型涡扇发动机的仿真分析表明:改进的算法相比标准粒子滤波算法用于涡扇发动机气路部件故障诊断时,参数估计的方均根误差减小了50%左右,且算法的计算量减小了30%.     

主/从动式组合旋翼悬停状态气动特性分析

针对传统直升机构型中主旋翼旋转时产生的扭矩需要尾翼或是反向旋转的共轴旋翼加以抵消,从而造成能量浪费的问题,以将主旋翼旋转时产生的扭矩转化为升力为出发点,提出了一种主旋翼带动下方无动力旋翼旋转的主/从动式组合旋翼气动布局构型。通过动量叶素理论以及CFD数值模拟中的多重参考系法,对主/从动式组合旋翼悬停状态的气动特性进行了初步分析,结果表明,此构型中的下方从动旋翼利用上方主动旋翼的扭矩产生了额外10%的升力,同时下方从动旋翼在上方主动旋翼引流的有利干扰下升力系数提高了35%。     

热膜测试技术在涡轮叶栅边界层测量中的应用

为了更加精确地测量附面层流动状态,并验证表面热膜测试技术的可靠性,利用表面热膜测量了低雷诺数定常来流条件下高负荷涡轮叶栅通道内叶片吸力面附面层的流动状态,并与表面静压实验测得结果进行对比。结果表明,利用表面热膜测得的准壁面剪切力以及相关的统计参数能够准确捕捉到附面层分离泡和转捩的位置,对于高负荷低压涡轮叶型附面层流动测量是可靠有效的。     

基于某型发动机发展 STOVL 动力性能方案研究

短距起飞/垂直降落（STOVL）飞机由于其优越的作战性能,受到了世界航空大国的高度重视。通过借鉴目前最先进的 STOVL 动力 F135- PW -600发动机技术发展思路,研究了基于国内某型发动机改 STOVL 动力方案时,主发动机与升力风扇之间的匹配和约束关系。研究结果表明：随着升力风扇压比和流量的增加,主发动机升力减小,升力风扇升力增加;同一主发动机状态下,升力风扇流量越大,发动机前后升力平衡的升力风扇压比越小,总升力越大;主发动机性能越高,发动机前后升力平衡的升力风扇压比和流量越大,发动机总升力也越大。