镜面蒙皮拉形工艺参数研究

滑移带是导致飞机镜面蒙皮报废的主要原因之一。通过分析镜面蒙皮拉形中变形程度、拉形速度、毛料几何尺寸、润滑与操作方式对滑移带的影响,确定了临界变形程度和拉形应变速率的合理范围。毛料几何尺寸的影响,反映在悬空段板料的宽长比值上,宽长比值增加,变形趋向于平面应变状态,易出现滑移带。良好的润滑方式有利于改善板料变形的均匀性,增加成形面内材料的变形程度。操作方式的选择,应充分考虑模具拉胀的作用,严格控制夹钳预拉量和补拉量,避免冲击和阶跃式的加载方式。     

等离子喷涂快速成形技术研究

分析了影响等离子喷涂成形的主要因素,试验研究了等离子喷涂层的结构和质量,给出了等离子喷涂成形的模具和用该模具制作的零件以及等离子喷涂成形的薄壁零件．     

Preliminary design and optimization of slotted tube grain for solid rocket motor

In this paper,design and optimization technique of slotted tube grain for solid rocket motors has been discussed.In doing so,the design objectives and constraints have been set,geometric parameters identified,performance prediction parameters calculated,thereafter preliminary designs completed and finally optimal design reached.Geometric model for slotted tube grain configuration has been developed.Average thrust has been taken as the objective function with constraints of burning time,mass of propellant,fixed length and diameter of chamber case.Lumped parameter method has been used for calculating the performance prediction parameters.A set of preliminary designs has been completed and an analysis of these results conducted.Although all the preliminary results fulfill the design requirements in terms of objective function and constraints,however in order to attain the optimal design,Sequential quadratic programming optimization technique has been adopted.As the slotted tube grain geometry is totally dependent upon various independent variables and each of these variables has a bearing on explicit characteristic of grain designing,hence affects of the independent variables on performance parameters have been examined,thus variation laws have been developed.Basing on the variation laws and the analysis of preliminary design results,upper and lower limits have been defined for the independent geometric variables and an initial guess provided for conducting optimization.Results attained exhibits that an optimal result has been attained and the value of objective function has been maximized.All the design constraint limits have also been met while ensuring sound values of volumetric loading fraction,web fraction and neutrality.This methodology of design and optimization of slotted tube grain for solid rocket motors can be used by engineers as a reference guide for actual design and engineering purposes.      

飞机大型蒙皮制造技术现状分析

大型蒙皮是大型飞机的外表主要大型薄壁零件,飞机大型蒙皮制造是大型飞机制造的关键技术之一。重点介绍了喷丸成形和蠕变时效成形两种大型蒙皮制造技术的特点、国内外发展现状以及其中的关键技术。为了提高我国大型蒙皮技术制造水平,必须加大设备和关键技术方面的投入,同时也要对激光钣金技术予以必要的关注。     

大型真空容器有压复压系统

对于一些特殊用途的设施,如用于训练航天员的地面模拟舱,对复压过程有严格要求.为了分析某些对复压速率有要求的设施的复压过程,设计了有压复压系统;建立了大型真空容器有压复压系统的分段集中参数模型和传热模型,并且对这些模型进行了仿真分析.仿真表明:有压复压可获得比大气复压大得多的复压速率;传热会降低复压速率;分段集中参数长管道模型能提高仿真精度,同时不会过大增加计算量.对某体积为200m3的容器复压试验表明,考虑容器换热的仿真计算与实际调试情况误差在5%左右,表明了理论分析计算的正确性.      

整体壁板激光辅助预应力成形

整体壁板成形是大飞机制造的关键难题之一。本文探索了激光辅助预应力成形方法应用于整体壁板这一类筋条加强结构工件的可行性。该方法的原理是：首先对整体壁板施加弹性载荷,然后用激光束扫描并加热其弹性变形能集中区域,通过降低该区域材料的屈服极限促使弹性变形能转化为塑性功,实现整体壁板的塑性成形。对网格筋条加强结构试件进行了激光辅助预应力成形试验和有限元分析以及时效成形试验,验证了激光辅助预应力成形方法的可行性,并讨论了激光扫描道次与工件成形效率的关系。     

Experimental Study of Motion of Nitrogen Taylor Bubbles and Liquid Slugs in Inclined Tubes

This article studies rising velocity of Taylor bubbles and liquid slugs in liquid nitrogen at different axial positions in upward inclined tubes by means of a high speed motion analyzer. The bottom-closed tubes in the experiments are 1.0 m long with an inner diameter of 0.014 m or 0.018 m. The tube inclines upward from 0° to 50° with respect to the normal. Statistical method is used to analyze the data of the Taylor bubble and the liquid slug velocity. Reflecting the effects of the inclination angle on the rising velocity of Taylor bubbles and liquid slugs, the experimental results indicate the similar trend the Taylor bubble velocity and the liquid slug velocity have: it increases first, and then decreases with the increase of the inclination angle. Moreover, with the increase of the inclination angle, the liquid slug velocity becomes greater than Taylor bubble velocity.     

等离子电弧加热成形过程中薄板宽度的影响规律

当板厚、板长一定时采用不同宽度的1Cr18Ni9Ti薄板进行等离子电弧弯曲成形的试验,试验发现:随着薄板宽度的增长,薄板弯曲角度增大,当板宽的增大到一定值时,薄板弯曲角度趋于定值。随后在实验基础上,对等离子电弧加热过程中热影响区的弹塑性变形进行合理的简化,建立了薄板弯曲角度随薄板宽度变化的受力模型,该模型的计算结果与实验结果相符。     

航空发动机薄壁W形封严环动模外压成形

液压成形是复杂薄壁零件制造的一种有效方法。针对某航空发动机的薄壁高温合金W形封严环构件,提出动模外压成形方法,并建立了有限元模型。基于数值模拟和工艺实验,分析了不同成形阶段的变形规律和压缩失稳的控制机理,在此基础上研究了毛坯成形区高度和型腔液压加载路径等关键工艺参数对零件成形结果的影响,探讨了成形过程中环向失稳起皱、型面不对称、材料堆叠等失效形式,提出了优化的参数。结果表明,提出的工艺方法可实现W形封严环的整体精确成形,采用优化的毛坯成形区高度和液压加载路径可获得成形精度较高、表面平滑无褶皱的试件。     

双U形管束换热器压降和热效率模型实验

在低速风洞上实验研究了双U形管束换热器压降特性以及热效率,着重对比了U形管截面形状和换热器安装角的影响.结果表明:在相同的U形管管内平均速度下,椭圆管换热器的管内压降高于圆管换热器,在较高的管内平均速度下两者的差异更为明显;对于外部流动,换热器安装角增大所诱导的外部流动压降显著增加,在较小的换热器安装角下,椭圆管换热器的管外压降略大于圆管换热器,而在较大的换热器安装角下,椭圆管换热器的管外压降则显著低于圆管换热器;安装角为30°的换热器传热系数较安装角为10°时可以提高约50%,在密流比为0.4时,椭圆管换热器的热效率相对于圆管换热器约有6%的增加.