Development of microstructural inhomogeneity in multi-pass flow forming of TA15 alloy cylindrical parts

Revealing the development of microstructural inhomogeneity in the multi-pass flow forming of titanium alloy components is of great significance to the microstructure control and property tailoring. To this end, the microstructural inhomogeneity of TA15 alloy spun cylindrical parts was analyzed based on the deformation history. The results indicate that the material underwent significant compressive strain in the normal direction (ND), tension strain in the rolling and circumferential directions (RD and CD), while tension strain in the CD is slightly small due to the limited material flow in this direction. These strain characteristics make the microstructure, especially the primary α (α_p), present different morphologies in the different planes of the part. Meanwhile, the combined effects of inhomogeneous deformation and temperature distribution in the ND also cause the inhomogeneity of microstructure morphology and parameters in this direction. Quantitative analyses show that with the forming pass increasing, the aspect ratio of α_p increases most in the normal-rolling plane, then in the normal-circumferential plane and least in the circumferential-rolling plane, whereas α_p content decreases in an opposite trend. Along the ND, the aspect ratio and content of α_p is relatively high in the outer and inner surface areas but lowest in the central area, and these inhomogeneous characteristics can be gradually diminished with the forming pass increasing. Furthermore, the variation of hardness inhomogeneity factor indicates that a four-pass forming with the total reduction ratio of 63% could obtain a homogenous microstructure along the ND of the TA15 alloy spun cylindrical part.     

提高航空发动机性能的弯扭导向器技术

给出了采用弯扭导向器提高发动机性能的设计原则：在全三维弯扭设计时，必须在保证涡轮前总温、总压和燃气流量的前提下，合理调整尾喷管面积，提高涡轮后背压，保证在设计转速下涡轮输出功与原型涡轮级相同，从而保证了压气机的设计点和喘振裕度，同时提高了发动机推力、降低油耗。     

基于单向拉伸的防锈铝合金温热力学性能研究

通过不同温度及应变速率下的单向拉伸试验,获得了5A06-O防锈铝合金板材关键力学性能参数的变化规律。结果表明,在一定的应变速率下,5A06铝合金的流动应力及抗拉强度随着温度的升高而降低,断后延伸率随着温度的升高而显著的提高。当温度处在20～150℃范围内,均匀延伸率随着温度的升高而升高,而在150℃～300℃范围内,随着温度的升高而降低。另外,基于Fields&Backofen本构方程,对5A06铝合金在不同温度状态下的强化规律进行了分析和探讨,结果表明,随着温度的逐渐升高,应变强化指数不断减小,应变速率敏感系数则显著增大,应变速率强化作用明显增强。     

航天器异种金属钎焊接头静态裂纹行为分析

采用高频感应钎焊方法连接了航天推进系统的异种金属(钛合金与不锈钢)薄壁小直径导管结构,结构的质量和性能远远优于螺栓连接的导管结构.钎焊接头静态拉伸试验发现,银基钎料钎焊的接头承载能力要优于铜基钎料.对静态拉伸断裂接头的微观组织进行了分析,结果发现,银基钎料钎焊的接头区域出现的裂纹仅在钎缝区域萌生和扩展,当裂纹扩展到钎缝与母材的界面位置时停止扩展.铜基钎料钎焊的接头区域的裂纹从3个位置萌生:钎缝2种组织的交界处,钎缝与钛合金、不锈钢的界面.裂纹驱动力主要是由静态拉伸载荷和异种金属钎焊接头失配行为构成的,而裂纹扩展抗力主要与钎焊接头的微观组织有关.     

脉管制冷机液氦温区高频特性

从主动制冷的角度,探索冷端无运动部件的低温制冷机-脉管制冷机高频下达到液氯温区的条件,在前期理论设计的基础上,研制了一台预冷型的单级高频脉管制冷机,采用低温惯性管和低温气库为调相方式,开展了频率、平均充气压力、预冷温度以及输入功率等对制冷机性能影响的实验研究.实验结果表明:当采用氦-4为工质,预冷温度为4.54 K,工作压力为0.775 MPa,工作频率为40 Hz时,该制冷机最低无负荷制冷温度达4.23 K.     

数字图像相关方法在土木测试领域中的实验研究

针对传统接触式测试方法(如电测法等)在土木工程领域中的局限性,开展了数字图像相关(Digital image correlation,DIC)方法在该测试领域的应用研究.采用橡胶带的拉伸实验来验证DIC方法的测量精度,具体的实验测试内容包括:基于空域和频域相结合的混合相关法,开展了建筑膜材的双轴拉伸实验,测量了膜材的力学参数;基于仿射变换的相关迭代法,开展了钢管混凝土框架梁柱连接模型的转角测量与分析实验,测量了加强环式连接的弯矩转角关系;基于时间序列DIC和高速摄影成像技术,开展了自由振动状态下拉索模型的动力学参数识别的实验研究.实验结果验证了这一新型检测手段用于测试建筑材料及结构的力学性能的可靠性与精度.     

7B04铝合金蠕变过程中析出相的影响因素

进行了7B04-T7451铝合金在不同蠕变温度、不同应力水平下的多组蠕变实验,根据蠕变率的变化,得到了合理的蠕变温度为150℃;在此温度下进行了不同应力水平和时效时间下的多组蠕变实验,分析了加工条件对微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,高的应力水平能加速合金强化相的析出和转变,同时增大位错的流动能力,因此,随着蠕变时间的增加,材料的屈服强度呈先上升后加速下降的趋势.     

碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料整体成型过程分层扩展行为实验研究

针对复合材料构件热压罐成型过程中常见的分层缺陷,考察了整体成型工艺温度对分层扩展、QY8911双马树脂基体韧性及T300/QY8911层合板Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性的影响,并通过分层扩展断面形貌深入分析了复合材料整体成型工艺中分层扩展的路径和断面破坏模式,给出了复合材料整体成型工艺和结构设计的优化建议措施。结果表明,随着整体成型最高温度的升高,分层扩展程度增大,QY8911双马树脂基体的拉伸强度和拉伸模量逐渐降低,T300/QY8911层合板Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性逐渐增大;对分层扩展断面进行SEM扫描电镜分析发现分层扩展沿着层间开裂,断面内存在基体断裂和基体/纤维界面脱粘两种破坏模式,Ⅰ型层间断裂是复合材料整体成型工艺中分层扩展的典型微观特征。     

Investigating the soil removal characteristics of flexible tube coring method for lunar exploration

Compared with other technical solutions, sampling the planetary soil and returning it back to Earth may be the most direct method to seek the evidence of extraterrestrial life. To keep sample’s stratification for further analyzing, a novel sampling method called flexible tube coring has been adopted for China future lunar explorations. Given the uncertain physical properties of lunar regolith, proper drilling parameters should be adjusted immediately in piercing process. Otherwise, only a small amount of core could be sampled and overload drilling faults could occur correspondingly. Due to the fact that the removed soil is inevitably connected with the cored soil, soil removal characteristics may have a great influence on both drilling loads and coring results. To comprehend the soil removal characteristics, a non-contact measurement was proposed and verified to acquire the coring and removal results accurately. Herein, further more experiments in one homogenous lunar regolith simulant were conducted, revealing that there exists a sudden core failure during the sampling process and the final coring results are determined by the penetration per revolution index. Due to the core failure, both drilling loads and soil’s removal states are also affected thereby.     

管式减涡器入口局部压降和流阻特性

使用CFD仿真分析的方法,研究了带有导流管式减涡器的盘腔内空气流动和损失特性,重点阐明了导流管的减阻机理,特别是不同结构下管口处的流动与局部损失特性,并提出了一个数学模型来预测导流管盘腔内的压力。研究表明:管口处的流动及损失特性与管口之前的流动状态密切相关,且管口处发生的静压损失不容忽视,约占具整个盘腔损失的11%;合适的导流管长度可以有效的改善管口处的损失,在当前研究工况下具有最佳导流管长度的结构可以降低约25%的管入口处局部压降,约10%的整体静压降;建立了可以精确计算盘腔内压力分布的数学模型,模型计算结果与CFD结果相比平均误差约为53%。